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Copyright N° 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



BIBLE STUDY 
OUTLINES 



BY 



D. Sands Wright 



BIBLE STUDY 
OUTLINES 

For the Use of Schools 




By D. Sands Wright, a. M. 

Director of Religious Education in the Iowa 

State Teachers College 

Chairman of the Committee on Bible Study of 

the Iowa State Teachers Association 



THE WOOLVERTON PRINTING COMPANY 
CEDAR FALLS, IOWA 

1922 






COPYRIGHT, 1922 



CI.A674321 



PREFACE. 



r 



Interest in the introduction of credit courses in 
Bible-study in the public high schools is great and 
growing. As a result the inaugurations of such 
courses have been many; and the call is increasingly 
evident for a specific guide to such study, both on the 
part of the teacher and learner, who would use no 
other text book than the Bible itself. 

From the author's experience as instructor of 
many hundreds of students in a State Teachers' 
College in the history, ethics and literature of the 
Bible, he is thoroughly convinced that the one great 
need of the average pupil is a consecutive and in- 
tensive acquaintance with Scripture narrative — the 
lives and achievements of the heroes of the Old Tes- 
tament, and the story of 

"How guiltless blood for guilty man was shed; 
How he, w'ho bore in Heaven the second name, 
Had not on earth whereon to lay his head; 
How his first followers and servants sped." 

From this viewpoint, these outlines have been 
prepared. The tremendous ethical importance of 
Biblical instruction is not overlooked; but the ethics 
of the Book cannot be successfully taught without 
a knowledge and understanding of the Book 
itself. The transcendent literary beauty and power 
of the masterpieces of Holy Writ are not forgotten; 
but their appreciation is conditioned in their historic 
setting. The Bible has been called "The world's 
searchbook of literature." This is particularly true 
of the great writings of England and America. Col- 
lege teachers of English Classics complain that they 



cannot properly teach their subject because, of the 
pupils' ignorance of the Biblical allusions that al- 
most universally abound upon the pages of the great 
writers, of prose and verse, of fact and fiction. 

Justice to all concerned demands a further 
statement. The Outlines are not in any sense a pre- 
sentment of the Bible Study Committee of the 
Iowa State Teachers' Association. Though in their 
preparation, the Syllabus prepared by that commit- 
tee has been somewhat closely followed, the author 
assumes entire responsibility for the subject-matter 
and the form of the work presented; and his asso- 
ciates on the committee — Dr. Starbuck of Iowa City 
and Dr. Mulvihill of Des Moines — are hereby exon- 
erated from any censure that may be due for errors, 
of judgment or other mistakes that the critic may 

find in its pages. 

D. S. WRIGHT, 

Cedar Falls, Iowa. 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 

The pupils should have at the outset of their 
course a comprehensive view of the Scriptures as\a 
whole as shown in the tables on pages n and 12. ) 

They should be made familiar with the geogra- 
phy of Palestine: I. As partitioned by Joshua after 
the conquest of Canaan; 2. As divided into tetrar- 
chies in the New Testament time. He should be 
able to locate all the important places as they ap- 
pear in the narrative and give their historic settings. 
He should also know the countries and waters adja- 
cent to the Holy Land with their cities, mountains, 
harbors and the like. 

He should know the life of the pre-eminent pa- 
triarch, priest or prophet of each period, estimate 
the sources of his greatness, and group about each 
his lesser contemporaries showing their relationships 
to him, and his to them. 

The Outlines are presented, not so much as a 
course of Bible study to be rigidly pursued, as a line 
of treatment to be followed subject to such deletions 
or additions as the discretion of the teacher may sug- 
gest 

The pupil should be able, if asked, to place on 
tihe board the substance of the Outline for the les- 
son of the day; but his preparatory study of the text 
should be such that little effort of memory will be 
required. He should not be required to memorize 
the reference numbers of chapters and verses which 
accompany the outlines. 

Last but not least, as a rule, recitations should 
be conducted with closed books. The pupil shouM 
prepare his lesson with the expectation of reciting it 
as he would an assignment in rhetoric, physics, or 
other high school subject. An exception may of 
course be made when the literary beauty or power of 
a Scripture masterpiece is made an obect of in'ei- 
sive study. 

—5— 



Useful Reference Books and Maps. 

The King- James Version. 

The Revised Version. 

The Douay Version. 

The Holy Scriptures; the Standard text of the 
Hebrews, Published by the Jewish Publication So- 
ciety of America. 

The Modern Readers' Bible, Moulton. 

The Shorter Bible, Kent. 

Life of Jesus Christ, Stalker. 

Life of Christ, Burton and Matthews. 

Heroes of Israel, Soares. 

Complete Concordance of the Holy Bible, Cruden. 

Dictionary of the Bible, Smith or Hastings. 

Bible Atlas, Hurlburt. 

Maps, 

The Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian Empires, 
published by the Pilgrim press. 

Johnson's Double Map of the Holy Land, showing 
(i) Palestine as allotted to the tribes by Joshua; (2) 
Palestine in the time of Christ, published by Rand 
and McNally. 

Johnson's Map of the Journeys of St. Paul, pub- 
lished by Rand and McNally. 



HISTORY OF THE BIBLE. 

Though usually bound together in a single 
volume, the Holy Bible is a library of sixty-six books. 
These were written by many authors; and the pe- 
riod between the writing of the first and last of the 
collection is approximately two thousand years. As 
the successive manuscripts appeared they were 
placed along with other writings in the archives of 
the Jewish nation. They were read and interpreted 
by the priests, but due to the illiteracy of the com- 
mon people were lightly esteemed by the mass of 
the Jews. 

For many centuries, in the writing of these an- 
cient manuscripts, capital letters were employed, and 
marks of punctuation were unknown. Even spac- 
ing was not employed to mark the termination of a 
word, a sentence or a paragraph. With the exception 
of the substitution of English for Hebrew, or other 
letters, the text of one of these old manuscripts would 
appear like this: 

ANDGODSAWTHELIGHTTHATITWASGOOD 
ANDGODDIVIDEDTHELIGHTFROMTHEDARK 

NESS. 

About four hundred fifty years before Christ, a 
famous Jewish priest named Ezra appeared. He de- 
voted himself to the study of the manuscripts in tjie 
archives of the nation, separating the writings 
which he considered sacred from the common and 
carefully preserving the former intact. Thus was the 
first canon formed. Its contents became recognized 
as the Word of God; its narrative and teachings 
acquired the profoundest reverence, and its inspira- 
tion was unquestionably accepted. 

About 1 80 years before Christ, there appeared a 
school of scribes known as the Talmudists. They 
adopted Ezra's selection of the canonical books, add- 
ing only such Scriptures as had been written after his 
time. This school continued for nearly 700 years. 
In reproducing copies of the Scriptures, they were 
reverently careful for t,he preservation of the letter 



of the text; and it would have been a grave offense 
against the rules of the school for a scribe to have 
changed a word or a letter, either through carelessness 
or design. In the hands of these copyists, capital and 
small letter and the use of marks of punctuation were 
gradually introduced. Their work was invaluable in 
that it multiplied copies of the Scriptures, and at the 
same time protected them from mutilation, augmen- 
tation and corruption. 

From the Christian viewpoint, the preserved writ- 
ings of the ancient Jews came in the course of time 
to be divided into three classes: 

i. The Canonical Books — books universally 
recognized by Christians as sacred and inspired. 

2. Apocryphal Books — books of unquestioned 
authenticity and value, but whose inspiration is 
mooted by certain of the church authorities. 

3. The Talmudic Books — books of ethics, reli- 
gion and jurisprudence written by learned Jewish 
rabbis, but which made no claim to inspiration. 

Of the many ancient manuscripts of the Holy 
Scriptures extant the three oldest and most treasured 
are: 

1. The Vatican Manuscript. This is the oldest 
Bible known. It is kept in the Vatican Library at 
Rome where it is jealously guarded as a treasure of 
invaluable worth. Its authenticity is unquestioned, 
and to the Roman Catholic Church it is the standard 
of reference for all textual disputes. 

2. The Sinaitic Manuscript. This Bible is found 
in the library of Petrograd, Russia, and is one of the 
most sacredly cherished possessions of the Greek 
Catholic Church. Both it and the Vatican Manu- 
script are supposed to have been written during the 
Fourth Century of the Christian era. 

3. The Alexandrian Manuscript. This is found 
in the British Museum in London; and it is held as 
an invaluable possession of the Church of England. 
The manuscript is supposed to have been written in 
the Fifth Century. It was brought to England in 
1628 as a gift to King Charles I. by Cyril, Patriarch 
of Constantinople. 

—8— 



The variations of the text of these three ancient 
manuscripts are remarkably few and unimportant. 
It is an interesting" fact that they belong in the order 
named respectively to the Roman Catholic, the 
Greek Catholic, and the English Catholic Churches. 
And they are, and will continue to be, the standard of 
comparison for all subsequent versions of the scrip- 
tures. 

English Versions of the Bible. 

The first English version was of the New Testa- 
ment only; and was a translation by John Wyck- 
liffe, made about the year 1382. It was never printed 
though many manuscript copies are still to be found 
in public libraries. 

Of the many versions which followed Wyckliffe's 
may be named: 

Tyndale's Bible. This version was translated by 
William Tyndale assisted by Miles Coverdale. Its 
first edition was published in 1526; and it was the 
first printed Bible in the English language. 

Cranmer's Bible. It first appeared in 1539, and 
was the first Bible published by authority of the 
Church of England. 

The Bishop's Bible. In 1568, an authorized ver- 
sion was translated by Matthew Parker, Archbishop 
of Canterbury, with the aid of learned assistants 
chosen by himself. This work, known as "the Great 
English Bible" was the only authorized version used 
in England for the period of forty years. 

The Douay Bible. This is the translation recog- 
nized and authorized by the Roman Catholic Church 
throughout the world. Its translators and publishers 
were professors in a Roman Catholic College located 
in the town of Douay in France. It differs from the 
protestant Bible in two particulars. The text as 
translated is colored by the peculiar doctrines and 
teachings of the Church of Rome; and it contains the 
apocryphal books of the Old Testament which are 
recognized, by its communion, as having equal 
authority with the other Scriptures. 



The King James Version. At rue close of the 
ioth Century, the Bishop's Bible was the version 
authorized by the king and the clergy and was ex- 
clusively used in the English churches and cathe- 
drals. Early in the 17th Century dissatisfaction with 
the text in use became so great that appeal was made 
to King James I. of England, for a new revision. 
The King was an ardent churchman, and he gladly 
consented to the request of the bishops. In 1606, he 
appointed a committee of fifty-four men famed for 
scholarship, piety and literary power to serve as 
translators of the new revision. This body was divid- 
ed into six sub-committees, who were respectively 
made responsible for a like number of divisions of 
the Holy Bible. The Bishop* s Bible was made the 
basis of the work, tho every passage was diligently 
compared with the corresponding texts of YVyckhrfe, 
Tyndale. and other translators. The first printed 
copies of the King James version appeared 
in 161 1 : having the sanction of the king", and 
superiority m correctness and in literary merit, it 
soon supplanted the Bishop's Bible and all other ver- 
sions in the churches and homes of the English peo- 
ple. For more than two centuries and a half it re- 
mained "The Authorized" and practically the only 
standard Bible throughout the protestant English- 
speaking world. 

The Revised Version. This version appeared in 
1 55 1. In the process of the two hundred and seventy 

years that had elapsed since the adoption of the 
King James Version, many changes had occurred in 
the meaning and in the shades of meaning of words; 
and the researches of biblical students had thrown 
much light on the interpretation of Scripture texts. 
In view of these facts, the call for a new revision be- 
came imperative. The work was commenced in 1570 
by a joint committee of English and American bibli- 
cal scholars. Eleven years later the work of the re- 
visers was published simultaneously in England and 
in America: and such ~ T " = s the eagerness of the Prot- 
estants of both countries for the new version that 
four million copies of the revised text was sold be- 

— 10 — 



fore the close of the year 1881. Little fault has been 
found in the realm of English Christian readers with 
the work of these revisers. Yet both in the home 
and in the church the King James Version is — and 
perhaps will always be — the favored translation both 
by clergy and people. The Revised Version is uni- 
versally recognized as more technically accurate; but 
in point of literary excellence the King James Ver- 
sion is generally regarded as the better. It is the 
greatest literature ever issued from the press. 

In. recent years, a number of revisions of the 
Scriptures have appeared either as the work of re- 
ligious associations or of individuals. Of these, as 
deserving of special mention, may be named "The 
Modern Reader's Bible" which translates the ancient 
or solemn style of expression into modern forms of 
speech: also, "The Shorter Bible" — an abridgment of 
the Scriptures — prepared by Dr. J. Foster Kent of 
Yale University, in collaberation with other eminent 
American scholars. 

The division of the Bible into chapters and vers- 
es as found in the King James, and in most other 
versions, was originally made, in 1250 A.D., by a Ro- 
man Catholic prelate, Cardinal de St. Cher. It ap- 
peared first in English, in the Geneva Bible printed 
in 1560. 



Divisional Parallelism of the Old and the New 

Testament 



Grand 
Divisions 


introductory 


Historical 


Instructional 


Prophetical 


The Old 
Testament 


The 

Pentateuch 

Genesis to 

Deuteronomy 

The 

Gospels 

Matthew 

to John 


Hebrew 

History 

Joshua 

to Esther 


The Wisdom 

Books 

Job to 

Can'icle-s 


The Prophets 
Isaiah to 
Malachi 


The New 
Testament 


The Acts 

of 

The Apostles 


The 
Epistles 
Romans 
to Jude 


The 

Arocalypse 
Revelation 
of St. John 



-II- 



Periods of Biblical History 
The Old Testament 



Period 


Record 


Scripture 


First 


The Antediluvians 


Gen. i-X. 


Second 


The Patriarchs 


Gen. XI.-L. 


Third 


The Career of Moses 


Exodus to Deuteron- 
omy. 


Fourth 


The Career of Joshua 


Foshua. 


Fifth 


The Rule of the Judges 


Judges to I. Samuel 
XI. 


Sixth 


The United Monarchy 


I. Samuel XII. to I. 
Kings XL 


Seventh 


The Divided Monarchy 


I. Kings XII. to II. 
Kings XXV. and II. 
Chron. XI. to II. 
Chron. XXXVI. 


Eighth 


The Captivity and Return 


Ezra, Nehemiah, Es- 
ther, Daniel. 



2. The New Testament. 

First Period, The Gospels, Matt, to John. 
Second Period, The Acts of the Apostles, Acts. 

OUTLINES. 

The first five books of the Bible constitute the 
Pentateuch (Gr. Penta, five; teukos, a book). Their 
authorship is attributed to Moses, the great leader 
and lawgiver of the Jews. 

The initial book of the Bible is Genesis. It tells 
the story of the creation of heaven and earth, of 
light, of life, of man, and narrates the history of the 
human race down to the death of Joseph, 1635, B.C. 

There are two viewpoints from which the first 
chapter of Genesis has been interpreted: first, the an- 
cient or geocentric which regarded the earth as the 
center of the universe around which the sun, moon, 
stars and planets revolved. This doctrine was be- 
lieved and taught both by churchmen and by men of 
science until the establishment of the Copernican 
theory in the Seventeenth Century rendered it no 
longer tenable. The second — the modern or heliocen- 

— 12 — 



trie viewpoint — that regards the earth as a revolving 
planet about a central sun, is now, by the well in- 
formed, universally believed. 

(1) CREATION 

i. The Beginning. Gen. L i, 2. 

2. The Six Days of Creation. 
First Day, Light. 3-5. 

Second Day, The Firmament. 6-8. 

Third Day, Dry Land, Grass and Herbs. 

9-i3. 
Fourth Day, The Sun, Moon and Stars. 14-19. 
Fifth Day, The Lower Animals, Fishes, 

Fowls. 20-23. 
Sixth Day, Mammals, Man. 24-31. 

3. Establishment of the Sabbath. Gen. II. 1-3. 

4. The Garden of Eden. 8-17. 

5. The Creation of Woman. 18-25. 

Explain the "days" of creation. Were they each 
of twenty-four hours' duration? Were they of equal 
length? Define the word day to correspond with the 
teachings of geology. 

Has science any explanation of the creation of 
light? of life? of the soul of man? other than that 
they are creations of God? 

What is the relation of woman to man as shown 
in the story of the creation of woman? Is she man's 
superior? equal? inferior? 

Memorize Gen. I. 1-7; 26-28 

(2) THE FALL. 

1. Establishment of the home. Gen. II. 24 

2. Temptation of Eve. III. 1-5 

3. Temptation of Adam. III. 6 

4. Fall and shame of Adam and Eve. 7-13 

5. The curse. 

On the serpent. 14-15 
On Eve. 16 
On Adam. 17-19 

6. Expulsion from Paradise. 22-24 

7. Cain and Abel. Gen. IV. 1-16 

—13— 



8. Lamech. 19-24. 

9. Seth. 25, 26 

According to the best authorities Hiddekel is the 
ancient name for the river Tigris. The Euphrates is 
the Euphrates of the present time. Pison and Gihon 
are supposed to have been branches respectively of 
Hiddekel and the Euphrates. 

These facts render it probable that Eden was at 
the junction of these great rivers. This would locate 
the garden in northeastern Arabia. 

Is labor a curse? or a blessing in disguise? Apply 
the words of Cowper — 

"Judge not the Lord by feeble sense 
But trust him for his grace: 
Behind a frowning providence. 
He hides a smiling face." 
to Gen. III. 17-19. 

Was the loss of Eden an unmixed calamity to the 
human race? Consider a good home as a substitute 
for the Garden of Eden. 

(3) THE ANTEDILUVIANS. 

1. Seth. Gen. V. 3-8. 

2. Enos. 9-1 1 

3. Cainan. 12-14 

4. Mahalaleel. 15-17 

5. Jared. 18-20 

6. Enoch. 21-24 

7. Methusaleh. 25-27 

8. Lamech. 28-31 

9. Noah. 31-32 

10. The wickedness of men. Gen. VI. 1-8 

11. The flood foretold. 9-13 

12. The building of the ark. 14-22 

Is the world growing better. Ec. VII. 10. 

Is the average man better toda} T than the average 
of humanit}^ in the time of Noah prior to the flood? 

Compare the last two decades of the Nineteenth 
Century with the first two decades of the Twentieth. 

(4) THE FLOOD. 

1. The entering of the ark. Gen. VII. 1-10 

2. The Flood. 11-24 

—14— 



3. The waters abated. Gen. VIII. 1-5 

4. The raven and the dove sent out. 6-12 

5. The leaving- of the ark. 13-19 

6. God's promise to Noah. 20-22 

7. God's blessing - upon Noah and his sons. Gen. 

IX. 1-7 

8. The rainbow covenant. 8-17 

9. The sons of Noah. 18. 

10. The curse of Caanan. 19-27 

11. The tower of Babel. Gen. XI. 1-9. 

The mountains of Ararat are a series of moun- 
tains occupying- the region now known as Armenia. 
Their highest peak is 17260 feet above the level of 
the sea. Tradition has fixed one of these peaks call- 
ed by the Persians Kuh-i-nuh (meaning- Noah's 
Mountain) as one on which the ark rested. 

(5) ABRAHAM. 

1. Descent. Gen. XI. 27. 

2. Marriag-e. 29-30. 

3. Departure from Ur. 31. 

4. God's call and promise to Abraham. Gen. 
XII. 1-9. 

5. Sojourn in Egypt. 10-20. 

6. Abraham and Lot. Gen. XIII. 

7. Abraham and the King- of Sodom. Gen. XIV. 
17-24. 

8. God's Covenant with Abraham. Gen. XV. 

9. The Covenant renewed. Gen. XVII. 1-8. 

10. The. rite of Circumcision established. 9-14. 

11. Hagar. Gen. XVI. 

12. The promise of Isaac. Gen. XVIII. 1-15. 

13. Abraham and Abimelech. Gen. XX. 

Can you justify Abraham's attempt to deceive 
Pharoah? 

What were the strong points in his character? Do 
you find any weaknesses in his character? 

What was the character of Sarai? 

What was Abraham's religion? 

Abraham was the world's first great, post-dilu- 
vian teacher of Monotheism. Discriminate the 
terms, Atheist, Polytheist, Monotheist, Pantheist, 
Infidel. 

—15— 



(6) SODOM. 

i. The promise of Isaac. Gen. XVIII. 1-15. 

2. The destruction of Sodom foretold. 16-22. 

3. Abraham's plea for Sodom. 23-33. 

4. Lot visited by angel's. Gen. XIX. 1-3. 

5. Lot and the men of Sodom. 4-15. 

6. Destruction of Sodom. 16-29. 

7. Lot in Zoar. 30. 

The destruction of Sodom was so complete that 
its site is a matter of dispute. One theory is that in 
connection with the overthrow of the city there was a 
subsidence of the land in consequence of which its 
site is beneath the waters of the Dead Sea. 

Wlhat was the blood relationship of Lot to Abra- 
ham? 

Compare the characters of Lot and Abraham. 

Abraham's rank among" the Jewish patriarchs. 

Prepare a list of the contemporaries of Abra- 
ham and tell something of each. 

(7) ISAAC. 

1. Birth of Isaac. Gen. XXI. 1-7. 

2. Hagar and Ishmael. 8-21. _ 

3. Abraham's offering of Isaac. Gen. XXII. 1-19. 

4. Death and Burial of Sarah. Gen. XXIII. 

5. Isaac's marriage. Gen. XXIV. 

6. Death and burial of Abraham. Gen. XXV. 
7-10. 

7. The Abrahamic covenant renewed with 
Isaac. Gen. XXVI. 1-5. 

Compare the characters of Abraham and Isaac. 
Consider Abraham's offering of Isaac as a su- 
preme test of faith. 

(8) ISAAC AND ESAU. 

1. Birth of Jacob and Esau. Gen. XXV. 19-28. 

2. Esau's sale of his birthright. 29-34. 

3. Isaac's blessing of Jacob. Gen. XXVII. 1-29. 

4. Isaac's blessing of Esau. 30-40. 

5. Jacob's fear of Esau. 41-46. 

6. Jacob sent to Padan-Aram. Gen. XXVIII. 



i-5. 



—16— 



7. Esau's wives. 6-9. 

8. The Abrahamic covenant renewed to Jacob. 
10-15. 

9. Bethel. 16-22. 

What influences must have detracted from the 
happiness of the home-life of Isaac and Rebekah? 

What apology, if any, can be made, for the de- 
ceptions practiced by Rebekah? By Jacob? 

Is there any justification for Jacob's fear of Esau? 

Prepare a list of the contemporaries of Isaac and 
tell something of each. 

It must be remembered that the home life of 
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and their families belongs to 
the childhood of the race; that they were Semitic 
in traits as well as in blood; and that their rank in 
civilization was not higher than that of the semi-civil- 
ized nations of today. We are liable to err in judg- 
ment from viewing oriental acts with occidental eyes. 

(9) JACOB AND LABAN. 

1. Meeting of Jacob and Rachel. Gen. XXIX. 
1-14. 

2. Marriage of Jacob with Leah; with Rachel. 
15-30. 

3. Birth of Joseph. Gen. XXX. 21-24. 

4. Jacob's prosperity in Padan-Aram. 25-43. 

5. Flight of Jacob and his familv from Laban. 
Gen. XXXI. 1-35. 

** 6. Jacob's covenant, witih Laban. 36-55- 
Memorize Gen. XXXI. 48, 49. 
How many sons had Jacob? Their names? How- 
many daughters? Name. See table page 20. 

Which of the sons was the ancestor of Christ? 
Which was the greatest of his sons' J 
Which were sons of Rachel? 
Was Rachel an idolatress? 

(10) PENIEL. 

1. Jacob's fear of Esau. Gen. XXXII. 1-8. 

2. Jacob's prayer. 9-12. 

3. His presents to Esau. 13-23. 

4. Change of Jacob's name to Israel. 24-32. 

—17— 



5. Meeting- of Jacob and Esau. Gen. XXXIII. 
1-17. 

What reason had Jacob to fear Esau? 

What is the meaning- of the name Jacob? In 
what senses was he a supplanter? 

What is the meaning- of his new name Israel? 
Meaning- of the name Peniel? 

Give an account of the birth and naming- of Ben- 
jamin? Meaning- of the names Benoni and Benjamin. 

Which of Jacob's sons became an ancestor of 
Christ? 

How did Jacob's experience at Peniel affect his 
character. 

(11) BOYHOOD OF JOSEPH. 

1. Jacob's partialit3 T to Joseph. Gen. XXXVII. 
1-4. 

2. Joseph's dreams. 5-1 1. 

3. Joseph sold to the Midianites. 12-28. 

4. Jacob deceived by his sons. 29-36. 

5. Joseph broug-ht to Egypt. Gen. XXXIX. 1-6. 
How may we explain Jacob's preference for 

JoserJh? 

Was Jacob's partiality justifiable? 

Was Joseph wise in telling- his dream to his 
brethren? 

Should Joseph's dreams be regarded as a divine 
revelation of his future greatness? 

Explain the deception practiced upon Jacob by 
his sons in the light of the words of Paul. ""What- 
soever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." 

Prepare a list of the contemporaries of Jacob and 
tell something- of each. 

(12) JOSEPH IN EGYPT. 

The name Pharaoh indicates an office and not a 
person. It corresponds to the term king-, in a king- 
dom: emperor in an empire; etc. The Pharaoh who 
reigned in the days of Abraham was a different per- 
sonage from the one under whom Joseph served: and 
still another reigned in the time of Moses. 

—18— 



i. Joseph's temptation and imprisonment. 
Gen. XXXIX. 7-23. 

2. Dreams of the chief butler and the chief 
baker. Gen. XL. 

3. Pharaoh's dreams. Gen. XLI. 1-8. 

4. Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams. 
9-32. 

5. Joseph's promotion. 33-45. 

6. Fulfillment of Pharaoh's dreams. 46-57. 

7. The famine in Canaan. Gen. XLII. 1-2. 

8. Jacob's sons sent to Egypt to buy corn. 3-5. 
What was Joseph's character in adversity? In 

prosperity? 

Can you find any flaws in his character? 

Compare Joseph's storing up corn against the 
seven years' famine with cold storage as practiced in 
the present day. 

To what extent may dreams in the present day 
be regarded as prophecies of future events? 

Compare Joseph the boy with Joseph the man. 

(13) THE ISRAELITES BROUGHT TO EGYPT. 

1. First meeting of Joseph and his brethren in 

Egypt. Gen. XLII. 6-24. 

2. Return of the sons to Canaan. 25-38. 

3. Return of the sons to Egypt. Gen. XLIII. 

1-25. 

4. The feast of the twelve sons in Egypt. 26-34. 

5. The sons arrested and brought back to Egypt. 
Gen. XLIV. 1-13. 

6. Judah's plea for Benjamin. 14-34. 

7. Joseph's revelation of himself to his brethren. 
Gen. XLV. 1-15. 

8. Second return of the sons to Canaan. 16-28. 

9. Removal of the Israelites to Egypt. Gen. 
XLVI. 1-7. 

Memorize Gen. XLV. 5-8. 

(14) JACOB IN EGYPT. 

1. Goshen. Gen. XLVI. 28-34. 

2. Jacob and Pharaoh. Gen. XL VII. 1-12. 

3. Enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt. 



13-26. 



—19- 



4. Jacob in his old age. 27-31. 

5. Jacob and the sons of Joseph. Gen. XLVIII. 
1-22. 

6. Last words and death of Jacob. Gen. XLIX. 

28-33- 

Memorize Gen. XLIX. 29-32, L. 7-1 1. 

7. Jacob's funeral. Gen. L. 1-13. 
Memorize XLIX. 29-32. 

State some remarkable fact concerning- Enoch; 
Methusaleh; Noah; Shem; Abraham; Isaac; Jacob. 

Give illustrations of sin and its retribution in 
the lives of the patriarchs. Compare Gen. XII. 10-20. 
with Gen. XXVI. 6-16. Find like illustrations in the 
career of Jacob. 

Prepare a list of the contemporaries of Joseph 
and tell something of each. 

Who was Eve? Lamech? Japheth? Ham? Nim- 
rod? Sarah? Hagar? Ishmael? Lot? Rebekah? 
Laban? Leah? Rachel? 

Make an outline from memory of the great events 
recorded in Genesis. 

GENEALOGICAL TABLE— TERAH TO MOSES 

Terah 



Abraham, Sarah, 



Nahor 



Ha ran 



Ishmael, Isaac, 



Bethuel 



Lot, Milcah 



Esau, Jacob, 



Rebekah, Laban 



Reuben 

Simeon 

Levi 

Judah 

Issacher 

Zebulon 

Joseph 
Benjamin 

Dan 

Naphtali 



Leah, Rachel 



Gad 

Asher 



S^By Leah 

! 

) 

VBy Racfeel 

f By Bilhah 

^By ZUpah 
20 



Levi 




Kohath 


Amram 


Moses, Aaron, 


Miriam 



What was the nearness of kin of Nahor to Milcahr 
Of Abraham to Sarah? Of Isaac to Rebecca? Of 
Jacob to Leah and Rachel? 

Who was the mother of Moses? See Genealo- 
gies in Ex. VII. 

(15) EARLY LIFE OF MOSES. 

The book of Genesis may be called the history of 
the childhood of the human race. It was written by 
Moses the great leader and lawgiver of the Jews. His 
name is above every name in their history and in 
their thought. The book begins with the creation, 
and its record covers all that is credibly known of the 
history of mankind. It like all Scripture is remark- 
able for the simplicity of language, its picture of the 
religious life and experiences of the earliest peoples, 
and its ingenuousness in portraying the evil as well 
as the good in the lives of the patriarchs. 

The name Exodus (Gr .ex. out, odos a way) is 
due to the fact that the book records the departure 
of the children of Israel from Egypt. Tho written 
in the third person, it is mainly the autobiography of 
Moses; and the life of Moses is the history of the Jews 
throughout the period covered by his career. The 
book is written in the same simple and direct 
style as its predecessor, and abounds in incidents 
of thrilling interest. It covers a period of forty 
years — 1491 B. C, to 1451 B. C. 

1. Hard bondage of the Israelites in Egypt. 
Ex. I. 8-22. 

2. Birth of Moses. Ex. II. 1-4. 

3. Moses' adoption by Pharaoh's daughter. 5-10. 

4. Flight of Moses from Egypt. 11 -15. 

5. Moses in Midian. 16-22. 

6. The Burning Bush. Ex. III. 

To what extent may the greatness of Moses be 
attributed to his mother's influence? To his educa- 
tional advantages? Acts. VII. 22. 

In what respects were Moses' surroundings in 
Pharaoh's palace disadvantageous? Heb. XI. 24-27. 

What human name, if any, in New Testament 
history will rank with that of Moses? In the history 
of America? In English history? 

— 21— r 



What good qualities do you find in Moses as a 
young- man? 

Name some of the world's great men who like 
Moses have stepped aside, figuratively speaking, to 
see the wonder of the burning bush? 

(16) MOSES AND PHARAOH. 

i. Moses' commission. Ex. IV. 1-9. 

2. Aaron appointed to assist Moses. 10-17; 27-31. 

3. The Hebrews and their taskmasters. Ex. V. 

4. Signs wrought by Moses in Egypt. Ex. VII. 

8-13. 

5. Prepare a list of the first nine plagues brought 
upon Pharaoh and the Egyptians by the hand of Moses. 

(The list may be derived from the captions found in 
most Bibles.) Ex. VII. to Ex. X. inclusive. 

(17) THE TENTH PLAGUE. 

Characterize the Pharaoh of the Exodus. 

Compare him with the Pharaoh of the time of 
Moses. 

Was Moses wise in asking God that Aaron be 
made his assistant? 

1. The 10th Plague threatened. Ex. XI. 

2. The slaying of the first-born. Ex. XII. 29-36. 

3. The departure of the Israelites from Egypt. 

37-39. 

4. The Israelites pursued by the Egyptians. Ex. 

XIV. 5-14. 

5. The crossing of the Red Sea. 15-22. 

6. The overthrow of the Egyptians. 23-31. 

The Jewish year consisted of about three hundred 
sixty days — twelve lunar months. To commemorate 
the sparing of their own first born when the first born 
of the Egyptians were slain the festival of the Pass- 
over was instituted. Its observance was appointed to 
be celebrated from the 15th to the 21st of the month 
Nisan which began with the first new moon in the 
spring. In other words the celebration began with 
the first full moon in the month. For the Jews' 
method of observing the Passover see Ex. XII. 1-20. 

—22— 



(18) THE HEBREWS IN THE WILDERNESS. 

i. The song of Moses and of Miriam. Ex. 15-22. 

2. Marah and Elam. 23-27. 

3. Manna. Ex. XVI. 

4. Horeb. Ex. XVII. 1-7. 

5. Battle with Amelakites. 8-16. 

6. Sinai. Ex. XIX. 

How do you account for the discontented spirit 
constantly manifested by the Hebrews? 

Why is Moses called the "Most patient man"? 

Have Christians any experiences in this age cor- 
responding to the evidences of the divine presence 
shown in the pillar of cloud and the pillar of fire? 

What is meant in modern times by "the thunder- 
ings of Mount Sinai?" By the "flesh pots of Egypt?" 

(19) THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. 
First Table of the Law. 

1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 
Ex. XX. 3. 

2. Thou shalt not bow down to any graven im- 
age. 4-6. 

3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord, 
thy God, in vain. 7. 

4. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work, 
but the seventh thou shalt rest. 8-11. 

Second Table of the Law. 

5. Honor thy father and thy mother. 12. 

6. Thou shalt not kill. 13. 

7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 14. 

8. Thou shalt not steal. 15. 

9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy 
neighbor. 16. 

10. Thou shalt not covet anything that is thy 
neighbors. 

The above should be thoroughly memorized by 
the pupil. 

The words appended to the second command- 
ment — verses 5 and 6 — are of special interest. Both 

■ '■0 3 '- 1 - 



the Bible and science teach the great fact that he- 
redity must be reckoned Avith as a factor in human 
life, but that if strength be joined with weakness 
throughout three or four generations, the weakness 
itself will tend to disappear. The "unto thous- 
ands" in the 6th verse means not thousands of people, 
but thousands of generations. 

What offense forbidden by the Ten Command- 
ments is in the sight of men the greatest? Why? 
What is regarded as of least importance? Why? 
Do you suppose that from the viewpoint of God the 
judgment of men as to the turpitude of sin is valid? 

Can you name any offense against moral stand- 
ards that can not be placed under one of the ten cate- 
gories named or implied in the commandments of 
Moses? W T here would you place slavery? Treason? 
Inordinate ambition? Miserliness? Gossip? Read- 
ing impure literature? Idleness? Gambling? Cheat- 
ing in trade? Extortion? Gluttony? Drunkenness? 
Plagiarism? Tattling? Peeking in examination? 
Hypocracy? Ridiculing the defects or infirmities of 
others? 

The verses below, written by Isaac Watts, may 
have mnemonic value in fixing and retaining in mem- 
ory the order of the commandments. 

"Thou shalt have no God but me, 
Before no idol bend the knee, 
Take not the name of God in vain, 
Dare not the Sabbath day profane, 
Give to thy parents honor due, 
Take heed that thou no murder do, 
Abstain from words and deeds unclean, 
Steal not tho thou be poor and mean, 

Tell not a willful lie, nor love it, 
What is thy neighbors do not covet." 

(20) THE GOLDEN CALF. 

i. Moses in the Mountain. Ex. XXIV. 12-18. 

2. The tables of stone. Ex. XXXI. 18. 

3. The molding of the Golden Calf. Ex XXXII. 
1-6. 

4. The plea of Moses for his people. 7-14. 

5. The worship of the Golden Calf and the pun- 
ishment of the worshippers, 15-35. 

—24— 



6. God's covenant with Moses. Ex. XXXIV. 

1-14. 

What figurative sense does the phrase "The 
Golden Calf" have in this age? 

What does the incident of The Golden Calf 
reveal as to the character of Aaron? 

In what regard do the first four commandments 
differ from the last six commandments? 

The Hebrew cubit was about one and one-half 
feet in length. Using these values as exact what was 
the length, breadth and height of the tabernacle? 

(21) MOSES. 

Cite Passages from the career of Moses showing 
his pre-eminence as 

1. A Leader. 

2. A Lawgiver. 

3. A Soldier. 

4. A Poet. 

5. A Worker of Miracles. See Num. XII. 1-16; 
Num. XX. 7-1 1 ; Num. XXL 1-9. 

(22) REVIEW OF THE PENTATEUCH. 

Prepare a list of the contemporaries of Moses and 
tell something of each. 

What persons named in the Pentateuch are spok- 
en of in the 12th chapter of Hebrews? For what 
was each remarkable? 

For what are the following personages remark- 
able? Seth, Shem, Ham Japheth, Nimrod, Terah, 
Ishmael, Esau, Levi, Laban, Judah, Jethro, Amram, 
Potiphar, Ephraim, Manassah, Caleb, Joshua. 

Name ten women mentioned in the Pentateuch 
and tell for what each was remarkable. 

State the origin of the following proverbial 
phrases: Tree of Knowledge, Flaming Sword, Dove 
of Peace, Rainbow of Promise, Ark of Safety, Babel 
of Tongues, Jordan's Stormy Banks, Wilderness of 
Sin, Entertaining Angels Unawares, Dark as Egypt, 
Brazen Serpent, Promised Land, 

—25— 



(23) JOSHUA. 

i. Death and Burial of Moses. Deut. XXXIV. 

2. Joshua, appointed Moses' successor. Josh. I. 
1-9. 

3. Rahab and the Spies. Josh. II. 

4. The crossing of the river Jordan. Josh. III. 
IV. 1-17. 

5. The taking" of Jericho. Josh. VI. 

6. The sin of Achan. Josh. YII. 

In connection with the account of the Death 
of Moses, the beautiful poem of Mrs. Alexander en- 
titled "The Burial of Moses," may well be read and 
studied by the pupil. 

(24) THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN. 

1. The Division of Canaan among the tribes. 
Josh. XIV. 1-5. 

2. Draw a map of Palestine showing the allot- 
ment of the tribes. 

3. The conquest recounted by Joshua. Josh. 
XXIV. 11-13. 

4. Joshua's last message to the Israelites. Josh. 
XXIV. 14-28. 

5. Death of Joshua. 29-31. 

Because Moses and Aaron were of the tribe of 
Levi an hereditary priesthood was established, and 
the Levites became either priests or assistants in the 
performance of the priestly functions instituted by 
Moses. Hence., the Levites received no allotment of 
the land among the tribes. In order to retain the 
number twelve, as the number of the tribes, Ephraim 
and Manassah, the two sons of Joseph, shared with 
the eleven in the allotment. 

What was the character of Joshua? How would 
you rank him with Moses, as a man? As a leader? 

(25) BARAK. 

1. The appointment and government of the 
judges. Jud. II. 11-19. 

2. Barak and Deborah. Jud. IV. 1-9. 

3. Defeat and death of Sisera. 10-24. 

4. The Song of Deborah. Jud. V. 



(26) GIDEON, JEPTHA. 

Gideon. Jud. VL 11-40. 
Gideon's army. Jud. VII. 1-18. 

3. Gideon's defeat of the Midianites. 9-25. 

4. Death of Gideon. Jud. VIII. 32-35. 
Jephthah's daughter. Jud. XL 29-40. 

What was the character of Jephthah? Of Jeph- 
thah's daughter? 

Ought Jephthah to have kept his vow? 

What does the vow suggest as to the character 
of Jepthah? 

The story of the vow is beautifully told in Wil- 
lis's poem entitled, Jephthah's Daughter. 

(27) SAMSON. 

1. Parentage and birth of Samson. Jud. XIII. 

2. Samson and the Philistines. Jud. XIV. 1-9. 

3. Samson's riddle. 10-20. 

4. Samson's vengeance upon the Philistines. 
Jud. XV. 

5. Samson and Delilah. Jud. XVI. 1-21. 

6. Death of Samson. 22-31. 

Characterize Samson. His physical strength. 
His moral weakness. 

Compare the characters of Barak, Gideon, Jeph- 
thah, and Samson. 

Which of the four would you rank first as a man? 
as a leader? 

(28) RUTH. 

1. Naomi, Orpah and Ruth. Ruth I. 

2. Boaz and Ruth. Ruth II. 

3. Boaz. Ruth III. 

4. Marriage of Ruth and Boaz. Ruth IV. 1-17. 
Compare Ruth and Orpah. 

Recite the words of Ruth to Naomi. Chap. I. 
16, 17. 

Characterize Naomi; Ruth; Boaz. 

What is the most important lesson in the story 
of Ruth? 



III. 



(29) SAMUEL AND ELI. 

i. Samuel's parentage. I. Sam. I. 1-18. 

2 Birth of Samuel. 19-28. 

3. Eli's sons. I. Sam. II. 1-26. 

4. Eli's warning-. 27-36. 

5. Samuel's vision and warning - to Eli. I. Sam. 



6. Last days and death of Eli. I. Sam. IV. 

Characterize Elkanah, Hannah, Eli. 

Was Eli an ideal guardian of Samuel? 

Wlhat influences in Samuel's early life made for 
his success as a judge? 

How do you account for the degeneracy of Eli's 
sons? Of Samuel's? 

(30) SAMUEL AS JUDGE. 

1. The taking of the ark by the Philistines. 
I. Sam. V. 

2. The return of the ark to Israel. I. Sam. VI. 

3. Defeat of the Philistines. I. Sam. VII. 9-17. 

4. Samuel's sons as judges. I. Sam. VIII. 1-5. 

5. The people asking for a King. 6-22. 
Compare the sons of Samuel with the sons of 

Eli. 

Is there suspicion of pernicious influence in the 
early environment of Samuel that may account for 
the failure of his sons as judges? 

Were the Israelites blameworthy for desiring a 
king? 

Would a republic or a democracy have been bet- 
ter for the Israelites than a kingdom? Why not? 

How many of the judges were women? 

Whom would you rank as the greatest of the 
judges? Why? 

(31) ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF 

ISRAEL. 

1. First meeting of Samuel and Saul. I. Sam. 
IX. 

2. Saul anointed king. I. Sam. X. 1-8. 

3. Saul and the people. 9-25. 

— 2&— 



4. Samuel's appeal to the people for the integ- 
rity of his life. I. Sam. XII. 1-5. 

5. Samuel's warning to the people. 6-25. 

6. The choice of David as Saul's successor. I. 
Sam. XVI. 1-13 

7. David sent to Saul to minister to him. 14-25. 
Characterize Saul: his strength; his weakness. 
Compare Samuel with Saul. 

Account for Saul's failure as a king. 
Characterize Jonathan. Compare him with his 
father. 

(32) DAVID AND SAUL. 



Goliath. I. Sam. XVII. 1-11. 



2. David sent by his father to Saul. 12-20. 

3. David and Goliath. 21-54. 

4. David and Jonathan. I. Sam. XX. 1-23. 

5. Saul angry with David. 24-34. 

6. David warned by Jonathan. 35-42. 

7. The cave of Adullam. I. Sam. XXII. 

8. Death of Samuel. I. Sam. XXV. 1. 

Name and discuss some of the great friendships 
of history. 

(33) DAVID MADE KING. 

1. Deat[h of Saul and Jonathan. I. Sam. XXXI. 

2. David's lamentation over Saul and Jonathan. 
II. Sam. I. 11-27. 

3. David anointed king of Judah. IT. Sam. II. 

1-7- 

4. David anointed King over Israel. II. Sam. 
VI. 1-10. 

5. David and Michal. VI. 20-23. 

(34) DAVID AS KING. 

1. David forbidden to build the temple. II. 
Sam. VII. 1-17. 

2. David's successful wars. II. Sam. VIII. 1-13; 
X. 6-19. 

3. Uriah. II. Sam. XI. 

4. Nathan's message from God to David. II. 
Sam. XII 1 -14. 

5. David's remorse. Ps. LI. 

— 29 — 



6. Death of Bathsheba's child. XII. 15-23. 

Characterize Joab; Uriah. 

Characterize David; his strength, his weak- 
nesses. 

Cite the strong- passages in David's psalm of 
remorse. 

(35) ABSALOM. 

1. Joab's scheme to destrov Absalom. II. Sam. 
XIV. 1-24 

2. Absalom's beauty. 25-27. 

3. Absalom's popularity. II. Sam. XV. 1-12. 
4 Flight of David from Jerusalem. 13-18. 

5. Absalom and his counselors. II. Sam. XVII. 
1-17. 

6. David's charge concerning Absalom. II. 
Sam. XVIII. 1-5. 

7. Defeat and death of Absalom. 6-18 

8. David told of the death of Absalom. 19-32. 

9. David's lament for Absalom. 33. II. Sam. 
XIX. 1-8. 

Characterize Absalom, Ahimaaz, Cushi. 

Why was David anxious to spare the life of 
Absalom? 

Was David's lamentation for his son an evidence 
of weakness? 

How can you account for the degeneracy of 
Absalom? 

(36) LAST DAYS OF DAVID. 

1. Usurpation of Adonijah. I. Kings 1-10. 

2. David told of Adonijah's rebellion. 11-27. 

3. Solomon proclaimed king. 28-40. 

4. Overthrow of Adonijah. 41-53. 

5. Death of David. I. Kings II. 10, 11. 
Prepare a list of the contemporaries of David 

and tell something of each. 

(37) SOLOMON. 

1. Death of Joab. I. Kings II. 28-34. 

2. Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter. 
I. Kings III. 1-4. 

—30— 



3. Solomon's choice of wisdom. 5-15. 

4. Solomon as a judge. 16-28. 

5. The wisdom of Solomon. I. Kings IV. 29-34. 

6. The building of the temple. I. Kings V., I. 

7. The building of Solomon's house. I. Kings 
VII. 1. 

8. The Queen of Sheba. Kings X. 1-13. 

(38) LAST DAYS OF SOLOMON. 

1. Solomon's sins. I. Kings XI. 1-13. 

2. Hadad. 14-22. 

3. Rezon. 23-25. 

4. Jeroboam. 26-40. 

5. Solomon's repentance. Ec. II. 1-23. 

6. Death of Solomon. I. Kings XL 41-43. 
Characterize Solomon. Hiram. 
How may we account for Solomon's degeneracy 
in the latter part of his reign? 

Compare Solomon's reign with David's. 

(39) THE PSALMS. 

The reigns of David and Solomon were the gold- 
en age of Judean literature. Great as was David's 
fame as a king and as a general, he was greatest as 
a poet. He is proverbially known as "The Psalm- 
ist" and as "The Sweet Singer of Israel." Of the 
one hundred fifty poems in the book of Psalms, sev- 
enty-three are ascribed to him, and more than eigh- 
ty judged from intrinsic evidence, are ascribed to 
him by Bible students. Evident imitation of David's 
style and modes of expression are found in so many 
of the other and later Psalms, that the title often 
given to the book "The Psalms of David" is not in- 
appropriately bestowed. Psalm 50, and all the 
Psalms from the 73rd to the 83rd are ascribed to 
Asaph. He was a Levite and one of the chief mu- 
sicians in David's choir. The sons of Korah to whom 
thirteen of the Psalms are attributed were musicians 
in the Temple at the time of the reign of lehosh. 
aphat. (See Chr. XX. 19). 

The authorship of the first psalm is unknown. 
It was placed first by Ezra the Scribe as prefatory 
to the collection. 

—31— 



Many of the psalms are propihesies. The second 
psalm is a prophecy of Christ and of the coming of 
the time when the prophecy in Revelations XI. 15 
shall be fulfilled. 

The eighth psalm is supposed to have been com- 
posed by David in commemoration of his overthrow 
of Goliath. 

The fifteenth psalm has been called "God's defi- 
nition of a gentleman". The first question of the first 
verse refers to the saints on eartfh; the second to the 
saved in heaven. The entire psalm should be mem- 
orized by every Bible student. 

The eighteenth psalm is a fine illustration of 
sustained poetic force. 

The nineteenth psalm is an unanswerable defense 
of the fact of God. In the first six verses appeal is 
made to the testimony of the material universe; 
verses 7-12 to the testimony of the Scripture and the 
remainder of the chapter to the testimony of in- 
tuition. 

The twenty-third psalm is David's masterpiece, 
and the masterpiece of psalmody. It is the one psalm 
that every Christian knows by heart. Many suppose 
it to have been written, not by David the king, but 
by David the shepherd boy composed as he tended 
his father's flocks on the Syrian plains, before 
his spirit had been corrupted by the surroundings 
of the palace or soured b} r the evil machinations of 
his enemies. 

The twenty-fourth psalm tho prophetical^ typical 
of the ascension of Christ is supposed to have been 
chanted at the time of the induction of the ark into 
the completed temple of Solomon. "It is sup- 
posed that the priests who bore the ark, 
and the Levites who attended them, demanded en- 
trance into the tabernacle from those who kept the 
gates. The expression 'Lift up your heads, O ye 
gates,' may allude to the form in which the gates 
were made, the upper parts lifting up to render the 
entrance more spacious. To this demand the porters 
within answered in solemn strains, 'Who is this King 
of Glory?' and were again answered 'The Lord 

—32— 



strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle.' 
The demand being repeated, and the same answer 
returned, the gates were thrown open, and the sym- 
bol of the divine presence was carried into the holy 
of holies." Scott. 

The fifty-first Psalm is called "the penitential 
Psalm". It is David's penitence and remorse for a 
double crime (See caption) . No where else in prose or 
verse, is the language of remorse so terribly voiced. 

The Ninetieth Psalm is probably the oldest in 
the collection, "A prayer of Moses". A comparison 
of this with any one of the psalms of David will re- 
veal the difference in the personality of Israel's great- 
est leader and Israel's greatest king. 

The ninety-first and the one hundred third psalms 
are justly regarded as two of the finest of the collec- 
tion. 

The one hundred nineteenth psalm is composed of 
twenty-two sections, each eight verses in length. 
The words, "aleph", "beth", "gimel", etc. are the 
names of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The 
first letter of the first section is aleph; of trie second, 
beth, of the third, gimel, etc. In each of the 176 verses 
of the psalm is a reference to the Holy Scriptures. 

As a breathing of the loftiest sentiment of pa- 
triotism the one hundred thirty-seventh psalm is un- 
equalled in literature. 

The one hundred forty-eighth Psalm has been 
represented by Dr. Talmadge as an infinitely great 
choir, in which in verses 1-10, all things celestial 
and terrestrial unitedly hymn the praise of God. 
The highest singers are the angels and the 
hosts of heaven; next the sun, moon and stars; 
next the firmament. From the seventh to the 
tenth verses, on the lower and lower planes, terrestrial 
things are placed. In verses 11-13, the children of 
men are called upon to take their appropriate place, 
"Half way from nothing to Diety", in the great con- 
gregation of singers. 

(40) THE SOLOMONIC WRITINGS. 

The writings of Solomon are enumerated in 1st 
Kings IV. 32, 33. Of these only the books of Prov- 

—33— 



erbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Solomon remain. 
All the book of Proverbs, the last two chapters ex- 
cepted, were his writing. The thirtieth chapter con- 
tains "the words of Jakeh". The thirty-first and last 
chapter was by "King Lemuel, the prophecy that his 
mother taught him". The last twenty-two verses, 
of this chapter beginning with the tenth form an 
acrostic, the verses commencing wtih the successive 
letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The chapter is a 
fine picture of a virtuous woman, and it is supposed 
to have been composed by the mother of Lemuel 
to guide him in the choice of a wife . 

A proverb is a word or phrase containing a con- 
densed statement of an important truth so worded as 
to be worthy to be taken up and incorporated in the 
speech of the common people. Every nation or gen- 
eration has its phrase makers, its utterers of proverbs. 
The following, chosen at random are given as illus- 
trations of the modern proverbs. 

Franklin, "Early to bed and early to rise; makes 
a man healthy and wealthy and wise." 

Spurgeon, "We are immortal till our work is 
done." 

Washington, "Beware of entangling alliances 
with other nations." 

Jefferson, "All men are created equal." 

Hayes, "He serves his party best who serves his 
country best." 

Lincoln, "God must have loved the common 
people, or he would not have made so many of 
them." 

Roosevelt, "We will speak softly and carry a big 
stick." 

Pope, "An honest man's the noblest work of 
God." 

Emerson, "Every burnt book illumines the 
world." 

Let the students give like illustrations from their 
own reading of authors and their proverbial sen- 
tences. 

The book of Ecclesiastes is supposed to have 
been written by Solomon in his old age, after being 

—34— 



brought to repentance for his lapses from rectitude 
into which he had been seduced by his idolatrous 
wives and concubines. Its keynote is found in the 
second verse of chapter I. "Vanity of vanities, saith 
the preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity." The 
1 2th chapter of Ecclesiastes is a beautiful allegory 
of old age. 

The Song of Solomon is, in its literal sense, a 
love song. In its figurative application, "This song 
is a divine allegory in the form of a pastoral, which 
represents the reciprocal love between Christ and his 
church, under figures taken from the relation and 
affection, which subsist between a bridegroom and 
his espoused bride — an emblem often employed in 
the Scriptures." 



—35— 



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Jehoshaphal 
Ichoram 
Ahazia'h 

Athaliah 

Joash 

Amaziah 

Uzziah 

fotham 

Ahaz 

1 Iezokiah 

Manassah 

Anion 

Josiah 

Jchoaliaz 

Jehoakim 
Jehoachin 
Zedekiah 



(42) THE KINGS OF ISRAEL. 

Prepare a like table of the Kings of Israel. 

(43) ELIJAH. 

i. The character of Ahab. Of his wife. 
I. Kings XVI. 29-33. 

2* Elijah by the brook Chereth. XVII. 1-7. 

3. Elijah at Zarephath. 8-24. 

4. Elijah and Ahab. XVIII. 1-18. 

5. Elijah and the Priests of Baal. 19-40. 

6. Elijah's prophecy of rain, fulfilled. 41-46. 

7. Elijah at Horeb. XIX. 1-18. 

8. Elijah's prophecy against Ahab and Jezebel. 
XXI. 1-24. 

9. Death of Jezebel. II. Kings IX. 30-37. 

(44) ELISHA. 

1. Elijah and Elisha. II. Kings II. 1-15. 

2. Elisha's return to Samaria. 19-25. 

3. The widow's oil multiplied. IV. 1-7. 

4. The Shumanite woman. 8-37. 

5. Naaman. V. 1-27. 

6. Miracles wrought by Elisha. IV. 38-41; VI. 

1-7. 

Compare the personalities of Elijah and Elisha. 
Their careers. 

(45) JOB. 

The book of Job is probably the oldest book of 
the bible, its composition antedating Genesis. Its 
authorship is unknown, but is often ascribed to 
Moses. It is classified by many critics as the greatest 
of all dramas. It is a powerful delineation of an 
ideally perfect human life lived amidst the tempta- 
tion of prosperity, and of adversity. 

The Dramatis Personae: 

God, 

Satan, 

Job, 

—37— 



Job's wife, 
Job's friends, 

Eliphaz. 

Bildad, 

Zophar 

Elihu. 

The book consists of three parts: 
i. Job in prosperity. 

2. Job in adversity. 

3. Job's prosperity restored. 

God's characterization of Job. Job I. 1, 
Job's children. 2. "* 

3. Job's possessions. 3. 

4. Job's losses. 

Of property. I. 13-17. 
Of children. 18-22. 
Of health. II. 7-8. 

5. Advice of Job's wife. 9, 10. 

6. Visit of Job's friends. 11-13. 

7. Job vindicated. XLII.1-11. 

8. The last days of Job. 12-17. 

(46) EZRA. NEHEMIAH. 

1. The despoiling" of Jerusalem by Nebuchad- 
nezzar. II. Cron. XXXVI. 5-10. 

2. The destruction of Jerusalem. 14-25. 

3. Purpose of Cvrus to rebuild the temple. Ezra 

I. 1-4. 

4. Nehemiah sent to Jerusalem to rebuild the 
city. Xeh. II. 

5. The walls of Jerusalem rebuilt. VI. 15-16. 

6. Celebration of the restoration of Jerusalem. 

vm. 1-18. 

(47) ESTHER. 

(48) JONAH. 

(49) DANIEL. 

1. Daniel and the three Hebrew children. Dan. I. 

2. Nebuchadnezzar's dream and its interpreta- 
tion, n. 



3. The trial of the Hebrew children. III. 

4. Nebuchadnezzar's second dream and its in- 
terpretation. IV. 

5. Downfall of Belshazzar. V 

6. Daniel and the princes of Darius. Dan. VI. 
1-12. 

7. Daniel cast into the lions den. 13-28. 

(50) THE PROPHETS. 

1. The Major prophets. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Eze- 
kiel, Daniel. 

2. The minor prophets. Hosea, Joel, Amos, 
Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zepha- 
niah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. 

Of which kingdom, Judah or Israel, was each 
prophet a citizen? 

Under whose reign did each prophecy? 

Which is the oldest of the prophetic books? 

Which is the latest? 

The book of Daniel is largely a historic rather 
than a prophetic book. The book of Jonah is almost 
wholly narrative, and contains but a single sentence 
of prophecy. 

For sustained flights of eloquence Isaiah is unsur- 
passed among the Hebrew prophets as well as by all 
authors of literature of its kind. 

(51) REVIEW, HEROES OF ISRAEL. 

The eleventh chapter of Hebrews is made the 
basis of the lesson. 

Tell briefly the story of each of the characters 
named in the first thirty-two verses of the chapter. 

This chapter has been called the Jews' Hall of 
Fame. Tell why each person named is entitled to 
recognition. 

It is probable that in the mind of the 
inspired writer of the chapter, each part set off 
by marks of punctuation, indicated some distinct in- 
cident or incidents in Jewish history. The student's 
reference Bible will serve as a guide to many of the 
incidents. 

—39— 



Give examples from the old Testament of men 
and women who through faith: 
i. Subdued kingdoms. 

2. Wrought righteousness. 

3. Obtained promises. 

4. Out of weakness were made strong. 

5. Waxt valient in fight. 

6. Turned to flight the armies of the alien*. 

7. Women (who) received their dead raised to 
life again. 

8. Others tortured not accepting deliverance. 

9. Others who had trials of mockings. 

10. Scourgings. 

11. Bonds. 

12. Imprisonment. 

13. Were stoned. 

14. Were sawn asunder. (There is a Jewish tra- 
dition that the prophet Isaiah met his death by be- 
ing sawn asunder) . 

15. Were slain with the sword. 

16. Wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins. 

17. In deserts. 

18. In mountains. 

19. In dens and caves of the earth. 

Give notable illustrations from modern history of 
men and women who have achieved through faith. 

(52) GENERAL REVIEW. 

1. Name the twelve sons of Jacob. Which has 
the largest place in the Bible narrative? Which was 
the progenitor of Christ. Why do not the names of 
Levi and Joseph appear in the allotments of Pales- 
atine by Joshua? 

2. Locate on the map of Palestine: Mt. Tabor. 
Mt Gilboa; Mt. Gerizim; Samaria; Jerusalem; Jericho; 
Bethel; Bethlehem; Gath; Adullam. 

3. Who was Enoch? Shem? Hagar? Lot? Ish- 
mael? Esau? Laban? Asenath? Aaron? Miriam? 
Caleb? Baalam? Balak? Sisera? Deborah? Jael? 
Jephthah? Delilah? Jonathan? Rehoboam? Jero- 
boam? The Witch of Endor? The Queen of Sheba? 

4. How would you estimate a man described as 
a Cain? A Methusaleh? A Ximrod? An Ishmael? 

--- do — 



A Moses? A Joshua? A Samson? A Daniel? A 
Jonah? 

5. How would you estimate a woman described 
as a Rebekah? A Jael? A Jezebel? A Hannah? A 
Ruth? An Esther? 

6. What was the Tabernacle? The Altar? The 
Laver? The Holy of Holies? Manna? The Brazen 
Serpent? The scapegoat? 

7. Explain, and give the Old Testament settings 
of, the proverbial expressions: 

The Tree of Life; 

The Flaming Sword; 

The Mark of Cain; 

The Rainbow of Promise; 

The Dove of Peace; 

Bricks Without Straw; 

The Burning Bush; 

Lean Years; 

The Pillar of Cloud; 

The Golden Calf; 

The Fleshpots of Egypt. 



— di* 



THE NEW TESTAMENT. 

During the period (about 400 years) between the 
Jews' return from captivity and the coming of Christ: 

"The nation underwent many vicissitudes. First 
it formed a satrapy or province of the Persian Em- 
pire; then, in 332 B. C, it came under the sway of 
Alexander the Great, and for a hundred years after 
his death it was ruled by the Ptolemies of Egypt. 
The Greek language now became common in Judea, 
and the Septuagint Version of the Pentateuch was 
prepared in that language under the direction of Ptol- 
emy Philadelphus. In the year 166 B. C. the Jews 
threw off the foreign yoke and secured their national 
independence; but a century later, Jerusalem was cap- 
tured by the Roman general Pompey (63 B. C), and 
Judea became a part of the Roman province of Sy- 
ria. The Jews were not obedient subjects, and drew 
down on themselves severe punishments. At length 
in the year 70 A. D., Jerusalem was again taken after 
a long siege by Titus, the city was razed to the 
ground, and the nation became dispersed, as it now 
is throughout every country of the world." Swinton. 

THE NEW TESTAMENT CANON. 

The Canon of the New Testament like that of the 
old was formed by a process of elimination and selec- 
tion by church authorities and councils. Before the 
close of the First Century of the Christian Era many 
accounts of the life and teachings of Christ had ap- 
peared (see Luke I. 1, 2; and John XXI. 25) and nu- 
merous epistles had been written to churches and to in- 
dividuals by the bishops and other dignitaries of the 
church. Most of these have perished though many 
are still extant. A most interesting and valuable col- 
lection of such literature entitled "The Apocryphal 
New Testament" is in print and available to the gen- 
eral reader at a reasonable price. 

■■'4-3 • ■■ 



THE GOSPELS. 

The first three gospels are supposed to have been 
written during the fifth and sixth decades of the First 
Century; and the order of their appearance in the 
Sacred Volume is the probable order of time of their 
production. The Fourth Gospel was written not 
earlier than the year 90 A. D. 

Matthew prior to his discipleship was a collector 
of taxes in the employ of the Roman government. 
The principal parts of his narrative are written from 
the viewpoint of an immediate observer of the scenes 
and events described. His message was to the Jews. 
- Mark was a friend and traveling companion of 
Paul during a part of his first missionary journey. 
The Apostle Peter is believed by some to have been 
the real author of the Gospel, Mark simply writing 
the book at his dictation. His message was to the 
Gentiles. 

Luke, from his occupation, was called "The Be- 
loved Physician." He was a native of Antioch and 
like Mark was an intimate friend and traveling com- 
panion of Paul. His message was to both Jews and 
Gentiles. 

John was known as "The Beloved Disciple," "The 
Disciple Whom Jesus Loved." He and his brother 
James were designated by Jesus as Boanerges, "Sons 
of Thunder." The book asserts the divinity of Jesus 
and is profoundly philosophical in its teachings. Its 
message is to Christians. 

(1) BIRTH AND BOYHOOD OF JESUS. 

1. The Annunciation. Luke I. 26-38. 

2. The Magnificat. 46-52. 

3. Birth of Jesus. Luke II. 1-7. 

4. The Shepherds. 8-20. 

5. The Wise Men. Matt. II. 1-12. 

6. Simeon. Luke II. 25-35. 

7. Anna. 36-40. 

8. The Flight into Egypt. Matt. II. 13-23. 

9. The Boyhood of Jesus. Luke II. 40-52. 

Tell briefly who was Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, 

—43~ 



Judah, Boaz, Rahab, Ruth, David, Uriah, Solomon, 
Rehoboam. See Matt. I. 1-7. 

Remark: Boaz, Rechab, Urias and Roboam are 
Grecianized forms of Old Testament Hebrew names. 

Memorize Is. IX. 6, 7. Luke II. 10-14. 

(2) JOHN THE BAPTIST. 

1. The Annunciation to Zacharias of the birth 
of John the Baptist. Luke I. 5-25. 

2. Birth of John the Baptist. 57-80. 

3. John the Baptist. Matt. III. 1-12. 
4- The Baptism of Jesus. 13-17. 

5. Imprisonment and Death of John the Baptist. 
Mark VI. 14-29. 

6. Christ's Tribute to John the Baptist. Matt. 
XL 1-12. 

What is a Priest? What is a Nazarite? Are there 
Nazarites today? 

What were the locusts that John ate? . . 

What was the character of John the Baptist? 
Was he brave? Was he conventional? Was he hum- 
ble? 

Where is Enon? 

Who was Herod? Herodias? Salome? 

Memorize Matt. III. 11, 12. 

(3) THE TEMPTATION IN THE WILDERNESS 
AND BEGINNING OF CHRIST'S MINISTRY. 

1. The First Temptation. Matt. IV. 1-5. 

2. The Second Temptation. 5-7. 

3. The Third Temptation. 8-1 1. 

4. Beginning- of His Ministry. 12-17, 23-25. 

5. The Calling- of His Disciples. 18-22; Mark III. 
14-19; John I. 35-51. 

Jesus was "Tempted in all points like as we are." 
(Heb. IV. 15). The three temptations in the Wilder- 
ness typify and summarize all the enticements to sin 
that enter a human soul. The first temptation — the 
urge of the physical senses; the second, the urg-e of in- 
ordinate pride; the third, the urge of inordinate ambi- 
tion. 



Prepare and memorize the list of the disciples as 
given in Mark. 

Whom would you rank as the greatest of the 
disciples? 

What three disciples were most intimately near to 
Jesus? 

Which of the disciples were fishermen? 

Matthew is called "The Publican". Who were 
the publicans? 

Which of the disciples first suffered martyrdom? 
Which of them escaped martyrdom? See Acts XII. 
i, 2; and John XXI. 18-23. 

(4) IMPORTANT EVENTS. 

1. The Transfiguration. Matt. XVII. 1-9. 

2. Jesus and Little Children. XVIII. 1-6; XIX. 

3. Jesus and the Moral Young Man. Mark X. 

17-31. 

What was the first public act of Jesus after his 
transfiguration? Matt. XIX. 14-21. 

In what sense is a little child a type of a citizen 
of the Kingdom of Heaven? 

Interpret the words "The Kingdom of Heaven" 
as a terrestrial state or experience. (See Luke XVTL 
20-21; note the marginal expression in the reference 
Bible for the words "within you") . What is the mean- 
ing of the Kingdom of Heaven as applied to the in- 
dividual? To the church? 

Explain the terms Church militant, Church tri- 
umphant. 

Memorize Matt. XVIII. 1-6; Matt. XIX. 14. 

(5) JESUS QUESTIONED BY HIS ENEMIES. 

1. The Herodians. Matt. XXIT. 15-22. 

2. The Saducees. 23-33. 

3. The Pharisees. 34-46. 

Who were the Herodians? The Saducees? The 
Pharisees? 

How may an American citizen "Render unto 
Caesar the things that are Caesar's? 

What duties do we owe to the government? Is it 

—45— 



lawful to pay tribute? Why? Consider suffrage as a 
right; a duty. 

In what sense is Matt. XXII. 40, true? 

Memorize Matt. XXII. 20, 21; 37-40. 

(6) NICODEMUS. THE SAMARITAN WOMAN. 

1. Jesus and Nicodemus. John III, 1-21. 

2. Jesus and the Woman of Samaria. John IV. 
1-30. 

Why did Nicodemus come to Jesus by night? 

Did Nicodemus become a true disciple of Christ? 
See John VII. 47-53; XIX. 38-40. 

Who were the Samaritans? What was their re- 
lation to the Jews? Were they descendants of Abra- 
ham? 

What is it to worship God in Spirit and in Truth? 

Memorize John III. 3; 6-8; 14; John IV. 13, 14; 21-24. 

(7) THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT. MATT. V. 

1. The Beatitudes: 

The Poor in Spirit. Matt. V. 3. 

They that Mourn. 4. 

The Meek. 5. 

They which Hunger and Thirst after Right- 
eousness. 6. 

The Merciful. 7. 

The Pure in Heart. 8. 

The Peacemakers. 9. 

The Persecuted for Righteousness' Sake. 
10-12. 

2. The Christian in the World: 

Salt. 13. 
Light. 14-16. 

3. The Law. 

The Jots and Tittles of the Law. 18. 

The Commandments; the Greatest and the 

Least. 19, 20. 
The Jots and Tittles of the Law illustrated 

By the Sixth Commandment. 21-26. 

By the Seventh Commandment, 

— 46 — 



Lust. 27-30. 
Divorce. 31, 32. 
By the Third Commandment. 33-37. 

4. Retaliation. 38-42. 

5. Love to fellowmen. 43-48. 
Memorize 1-12; 13-16; 38-42; 43-45. 

(8) THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT CON- 

TINUED. MATT. VI. 

1. Almsgiving. 1-4. 

2. Prayer, 

Wrong - Forms, 

Hypocritical. 5, 6. 
Repetitious. 7. 
The Model Prayer, 
Invocation. 9. 
Submission. 10. 
Petition, 

For life's necessities, n. 

For Forgiveness. 12. 

For Spiritual Guidance. 13. 
Ascription. 13. 
Conditions of Prevailing- Prayer. 14, 15. 

3. Fasting - . 16-18. 

4. Laying up Treasure. 19-21. 

5. The Light of Life. 22, 23. 

6. Over-anxious Care Condemned. 24-32. 

7. First Things First. 33, 34. 
Memorize 6; 9-13; 19-21; 22; 23; 24; 33. 

(9) THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT CON- 

CLUDED. MATT. VII. 

1. Misjudging others. 1-5. 

2. Profanation. 6. 

3. Asking and Receiving. 7-1 1. 

4. THE GOLDEN RULE. 12. 

5. The Narrow Way and the Broad. 13, 14. 

6. False Prophets. 15-23. 

7. Conclusion. 24-27. 
Memorize 12; 13; 14; 21; 24-.27. 

—47— 



(10) GREAT DISCOURSES OF CHRIST. 

i. Christ's Denunciation of the Pharisees. 
Matt. XXIII. 

2. The Last Judgment. Matt.XXV. 31-46. 

Christ was ever ready to pardon the sinner but 
had only words of denunciation for the Pharisee. Ex- 
plain the apparent paradox. 

Prepare a list in your own language of Christ's 
counts against the Pharisees. 

Who were the Scribes? Why are they associated 
wiith the Pharisees in the great denunciation? 

What is a tithe? 

Memorize XXIII. 37; XXV. 31-46. 

(11) THE PRAYER OF JESUS FOR HIS 

DISCIPLES. 

1. Prayer for the glorification of God through 
the Work of His Son. John XVII. 1-5. 

2. Prayer for His Disciples — Present and to 
Come. 

For their Preservation in the World. 6-10. 
For their Unity, n, 12. 
For their Sanctification. 14-19. 
For their Salvation. 20-26. 
What is meant by "the Son of Perdition"? 
Does Christian unity require identity of belief? 
Identit\ r of religious observances? To what extent is 
such identity important or desirable? 
Memorize 15-18. 

(12) TYPICAL MIRACLES OF JESUS. 

(1) The First Miracle of Jesus. Water turned 
to Wine. John II, 1-11. 

(2) The Miraculous Draught of Fishes. Luke 
V, i-ii. 

(3) The Stilling of the Tempest. Mark IV. 

35-41. 

(4) The Healing of the Demoniac. Luke VIII, 
26-40. 

(5) The Raising of Jairus' Daughter: the Heal- 

—48— 



of a Woman With an Issue of Blood. Matt. IX, 18-26. 

Define a miracle. 

It has been said that Jesus never smiled. Is this 
your conception of the Savior? 

Explain the words "My time has not yet come." 

Where is Cana? Gadara? The lake of Gennes- 
aret? 

Did Christ employ or establish any formal 
method of consecration of his Apostles? 

Explain the use of the word "virtue" in Mark 
V. 30. 

(13) MIRACLES CONTINUED. 

(1) The raising of the Son of the Widow of 
Nain. Luke VII., 11-16. 

(2) The Healing- of the Impotent Man at Be- 
thesda. John V., 1-15. 

(3) The Healing- of a Man born blind. John IX. 
Locate Nain; Bethesda. The meaning- of the 

name Bethesda. 

Are there mineral springs today whose waters 
have healing virtue? 

To what extent did Christ relax the Mosaic law 
as to the observance of the Sabbath? 

Do children inherit the sins of their parents? 

Is human suffering always a consequence of sin? 

Does Christ condemn the use of instrumentalities 
for the healing of disease? (John IX. 6, 7). 

(14) MIRACLES CONTINUED. 

The Raising of Lazarus. John XL 

Locate Bethany. 

Who was Mary? Martha? Lazarus? 

Why did not Christ respond at once to the call 
of the sisters of Lazarus? 

Compare Mary with Martha. (See Luke X. 38- 
42.) 

Explain the words "Our friend Lazarus sleepeth." 

Who were the witnesses of the raising of Laza- 
rus? 

Memorize the words of Christ in 24, 25. 

Remark: The raising of Lazarus was perhaps 
the last public act of Christ previous to Passion 

—49— 



Week; it was the culmination of the events that led 
to his final condemnation by the Pharisees. The 
peril of the event is indicated in verses 8 and 16. 

(15) PARABLES OF CHRIST. 

(i) The Sower — The Tares. 

(2) The Grain of Mustard Seed 

(3) The Leaven Matt XI [I. 

(4) The Hid Treasure 

(5) The Pearl of Great Price 

Define a parable. 

Remark: In the study of the parables, second- 
ary as well as primary lessons of each should be 
drawn. 

(16) PARABLES CONTINUED. 

(1) The Laborers in the Vineyard. Matt. XX., 
1-16. 

2. The Two Sons. Matt. XXI. 28-32. 

3. The Wicked Husbandmen. Matt. XXI. 33-46. 

(4) The Marriage of the King's Son. Matt. 
XXII. 1-14. 

(5) The Unjust Steward. Luke XVI. 1-12. 
The "lord", in Luke XVI. 8, was "the certain rich 

man" of verse 1. He was no doubt as unjust as his 
steward and his commendation of his servant carries 
with it no valid justification of the steward's con- 
duct. The words "in their generation" in verse 8, 
mean simply among themselves, making the latter 
part of the verse mean the children of this world are 
wiser among themselves than the children of light 
are among themselves. In the light of this explana- 
tion apply the text to modern conditions. How 
about the raising of the revenues of the state and of 
the church? How about the merging of business 
interests and the divisions of the church into sects 
and parties? 

(17) PARABLES CONTINUED. 

1. The Ten Virgins. Matt. XXV. 1-13. 

2. The Talents. 14-30. 

3. The Good Samaritan. Luke X. 25-37. 

—50— 



Not only in its spiritual application but in 
things temporal the importance of the great les- 
sons of preparedness and vigilance should not be 
overlooked. In the entrance upon a vocation or in 
any other temporal enterprise as a prerequisite to the 
highest success the lamps of physical, social, intel- 
lectual, moral and spiritual preparedness must be 
filled, trimmed and burning. 

What was the value of a talent. 

What is meant by "talent" in the application of 
the parable of the talents? 

Consider the types of men who appear in the par- 
able. 

i. The man of no talent, Matt. XXV. 28. 

2. The man of one talent, 18. 

3. The man of two talents, 15. 

4. The man of four talents, 17. 

5. The man of five talents, 15. 

6. The man of ten talents, 16. 

7. The man of eleven talents, 28. 

Give illustrations from modern history or from 
your own experience of the law stated in verse 29. 

A nation may be a good Samaritan to other 
nations. Give illustrations from American history. 
Ships may be good Samaritans to other ships 
in distress. Give illustrations. 

Memorize Matt. XXV. 24-29. 

(18) PARABLES CONTINUED. 

The Lost Sheep. 

The Lost Coin. Luke XV. 

The Prodigal Son. 

What famous revival hymn is based on the par- 
able of the Lost Sheep? 

What is the great lesson of each of the three 
parables of Luke XV? 

In the parable of the prodigal son who are typi- 
fied in the younger son? In the elder son? Do the 
types exist today? 

Cite illustrations from history or from your own 
acquaintance of careers like that of the younger 
son. 

—5i— 



Is the father's treatment of 1 the returning- prod- 
igal typical? 

Was the attitude of the elder brother toward the 
returned prodigal unnatural? 

What were the husks that were fed to the swine? 

Draw ten lessons from the parable of the Prod- 
igal Son. 

Memorize Luke XV. 17-19; 22-24. 

(19) PARABLES CONTINUED. 

The Rich Man and Lazarus, Luke XVI, 19-31. 

2. The Unjust Judge, Luke XVIII. 1-8. 

3. The Pharisee and the Publican, Luke XVIII. 

9-14. 

Memorize Luke XVIII. 10-14. 

(20) BEGINNING OF PASSION WEEK. 

1. The Conspirac}^ of the Pharisees against 
Christ. Matt. XXVI. 1-5. 

2. The Supper in the House of Simon, 6-13. 

3. The Treason of Judas, 14-16. 

4. The Triumphal Entry. Luke XIX. 28-40. 

5. Christ's Weeping over Jerusalem, 41-44. 

6. The Cleansing of the Temple. 45-48. 
Compare Judas with other human monsters of 

history; as Nero, Pontius Pilate, Benedict Arnold. 

Compare the Triumphal Entry with the great 
"triumphs" of the successful heroes of history. 

Memorize Matt. XXIII. 37- 

(21) THE LAST SUPPER. GETHSEMANE. 

1. Preparation for the Feast, Luke XXII. 7-13. 

2. The Betrayal foretold, Matt. XXVI. 7-13. 

3. The Bread and Wine, 26-29. 

4. Jesus Washing the Disciples' Feet. John 
XIII. 1-17. 

5. Gethsemane, Mark XIV. 32-42. 

6. The Betrayal, 43-52. 

Memorize I. Cor. XI, 23-26. John XIII. 14. 

—52— 



(22) THE SIX TRIALS OF JESUS. 

Ecclesiastical — 

i. Before Annas. John XVIII, 12, 13. 

2. Before Caiphas. 19-24. 

3. Before the Sanhedrin. Mark XIV, 53-64. 

Civil — 

1. Before Pilate. Luke XXIII, 1-6. 

2. Before Herod. 7-12. 

3. Before Pilate. Final Trial and Condemna- 
tion. 13-26. 

Who was Annas? Caiphas? Pilate? Herod? 
Wliat was the Sanhedrin? 

What was the Dream of Pilate's Wife. See Matt. 
XXVII, 19. 

Compare the characters of Herod and Pilate. 

Tell the story of Peter's boast of loyalty, and 
of his denial of his Lorti. Matt. XXVI. 31-35; 69-75. 

(23) THE CRUCIFIXION. 

1. The ascent to Calvary, Matt. XXVII. 24-33. 

2. The Cross, 34-45. 

3. The Seven Utterances — often called the 
"Seven Words" — of Jesus from the cross. (1) Luke 
XXIII, 34; (2) Luke XXIII, 43; (3) John XIX. 26, 27; 
(4) Matt XXVII. 46. (5) John XIX. 28; (6) John 

XIX. 30; (7) Luke XXIII, 46. 

Memorize the Seven Utterances from the Cross in 
the order given above, and give the circumstances 
under which each was uttered. 

(24) THE FORTY DAYS FROM THE CRUCIFIX- 
ION TO THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST. 

1. The Entombment. Matt. XXVII, 57-66. 

2. The Resurrection of Christ. Matt. XXVIII. 

1-15. 

3. The Forty Days. Luke XXIV. 13-38; John 

XX. 19-29; XXI. 15-23. 

4. The Great Commission. Matt. XXVIII. 16-20. 

5. The Ascension. Acts I. 9-1 1. 
Memorize Matt. XXVIII. 18-20. 

—53— 



II. ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 

The book of Acts was written by Luke, the 
author of the Gospel which bears his name. Both 
books are addressed to Theophilus (Gr. Theos, God; 
Philos, dear — Loved of God). The first twelve chap- 
ters of Acts are devoted, in the main, to the ministry 
of the Apostle Peter; while the remaining sixteen 
chapters relate the conversion, missionary labors, and 
sufferings of Paul — "The Apostle to the Gentiles." 

(25) PENTECOST. 

i. Matthias chosen as an Apostle. Acts I. 12-26. 

2. The Hour of Pentecost. Acts II. 1-4. 

3. The Gift of Tongues. 5-13. 

4. Peter's Pentecostal Sermon. 14-47. 

What Jewish feast was celebrated at Pentecost? 
How was it related to the Jewish Passover? Give the 
etymological significance (Gr. pentakostas, fiftieth) 
of the term. 

Is the original Christian community idea (verses 
44, 45) desirable or feasible in the present age? 
Are there Christian communities extant conducted in 
accordance with the original vogue of the disciples. 

Memorize Acts II. 1-4. 

(26) PETER'S SERMON AT THE GATE 
BEAUTIFUL. 

1. A lame man healed by Peter at the Beautiful 
Gate of the Temple, Acts III. 1-11. 

2. The Sermon, 12-26. 

3. Peter and John before the High Priests, Acts 
IV. 1-22. 

4. Peter and John's defiance of the High Priests, 

23-37. 

How did the Jews mark the hours of the day? 
At what time in the day was Peter's Sermon at the 
Gate Beautiful? 

Compare Matt. XXVI. 61-75 with Acts III. 14-15. 
How do you account for the change in Peter? 

Is obedience to constituted authority always re- 
quired of Christians? Can you cite illustrations from 
history? 

Memorize III. 19; IV. 19. - " - ■ 

—54— 



(27) THE APOSTLES AND THE JEWS. 

i. Ananias and Sapphira, Acts V. i-ii. 

2. The Apostle's Imprisonment and Escape, 
12-32. 

3. Gamaliel's Defence of the Apostles, 33-42. 
Who was Gamaliel? Does he appear elsewhere 

in Scripture? (See Acts XXII. 3). What is your 
estimate of Gamaliel as a ruler of the Jews? As a 
teacher? Give illustrations from history of great 
men who have enjoyed the instructions of great 
teachers. 

Memorize Acts V. 38. 

(28) STEPHEN. 

1. Deacons appointed, Acts VI. 1-7. 

2. Stephen bi>ought before the Council, 8-15. 

3. Stephen's Defence, Acts VII. 1-53. 

4. Martyrdom of Stephen, 54-60. 

What events are enumerated by Stephen in the 
career of Abraham? Joseph? Moses? Aaron? 
Solomon? 

(29) SAUL. 

1. Persecutions of Saul, Acts VIII. 1-4. 

2. Simon the Sorcerer, 5-24. 

-3. Philip and the Ethiopian, 25-40. 
4. Cornelius and Peter, 21-48. 

(30) PETER'S VISION. 

1. Dorcas. Acts IX. 36-43. 

2. Cornelius sent to Peter. Acts X. 1-8. 

3. Peter's Vision at Joppa, 9-20. 

4. Cornelius and Peter, 21-48. 

5. Peter at Jerusalem. Acts XI. 1-18. 

6. Herod. Acts XII. 
Memorize X. 31; 34, 35. 

(31) PAUL'S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY. 

1. Paul and Barnabas. Acts XIII. 1-3. 

2. Elymas the Sorcerer, 4-13. 

3. Paul at Antioch, 14-52. - 



4. Paul at Iconium. Acts XIV. 1-7. 

5. Paul at Lystra, 8-18. 

6. Return to Jerusalem, 19-28. 

7. The Council at Jerusalem. Acts XV. 1-35. 
Trace on the map of Paul's missionary journeys 

Paul's route and stopping places. 

(32) PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY 
JOURNEY. 

1. Separation of Paul and Barnabas. Acts XV. 

36-41. 

2. The Macedonian Call. Acts XVI. 1-13. 

3. Paul at Thyatira, 14-24. 

4. Paul and Silas in Prison, 25-40. 

What vision of Peter taught him that the Gospel 
of Christ was for the Gentiles as well as for the 
Jews? Was it an easy lesson for him to learn? 

Are men today like Paul called to distinctive 
work for God and fellowmen? 

(33) PAUL'S SECOND JOURNEY CONTINUED. 

1. Paul at Thessalonica. Acts XVII. 1-9. 

2. Paul at Berea, 10-15. 

3. Paul at Athens, 16-21. 

4. Paul's Discourse on Mars' Hill, 22-34. 

Who were the Epicureans? The Stoics? Do their 
counterparts exist today? 

What is meant by Areopagus? Mars' Hill? 

Were the Athenians as described in verse 21, 
markedly different from the American men and wo- 
men of today? 

Outline the theology of Paul as taught in his 
Areopagus discourse. 

Memorize Acts XVII. 22-31. 

(34) PAUL'S SECOND JOURNEY COMPLETED. 

1. Paul at Corinth. Acts XVIII. 1-8. 

2. Insurrection against Paul at Corinth; Gal- 
lic 12-18. 

3. Paul at Ephesus, 19. 

4. Return to Jerusalem. 20, 21. 

—56^ 



Trace the route of Paul's second journey and lo- 
cate the stopping" places. 

Compare the Athens of the time of Paul with the 
Athens of today. Make like comparison with regard 
to Corinth; to Ephesus; to Antioch. 

Was it a degradation to Paul that he "wrought" 
as a tentmaker in Corinth? 

What is the significance of the words "He shook 
his raiment." (Verse 6.) 

When Paul exclaimed "Henceforth, I will go unto 
the Gentiles;" what did it mean to Paul? To the 
world? 

(35) PAUL'S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY. 

i. Paul's Return to Antioch. Acts XVIII. 22,23. 

2. Apollos. 24-28. 

3. Return to Ephesus. Acts XIX. 1-20. 

4. Demetrius the Silversmith. 21-41. 

5. Return to Troas. Acts XX. 1-.6 

6. Eutychus. 7-12. 

7. Paul at Miletus. 13-38. 

8. Paul at Tyre. Acts XXI. 1-16. 

9. Return to Jerusalem. 17. 
Memorize XX. 22-24; 32-35. 

(36) PAUL IN JERUSALEM. 

1. Paul and the elders. Acts XXI. 18-26. 

2. Paul accused by Jews from Asia. 27-29. 

3. Paul put in chains, brought before the chief 
captain. 30-40. 

4. Paul's defence before the People. Acts XXII. 
1-21. 

5. Paul's escape from scourging by claiming the 
right of a Roman Citizen. 22-30. 

6. Paul before the Council. Acts XXIIL 1-11. 

7. Conspiracy of the Jews to slay Paul. 12-22. 

8. Paul brought in safety to Caesarea. 23-35. 

(37) PAUL BEFORE FELIX, AND FESTUS. 

1. Paul accused by Tertullus. Acts XXIV. 1-9. 

2. Paul's Defence before Felix. 10-21. 

3. Paul in the custody of Felix. 22-27. 

—57— 



4. Paul before Festus. Acts XXV. 1-9. 

5. Paul's Appeal to Caesar. 10-12. 
Who was Felix? Festus? 

Who was the Caesar to whom Paul appealed? 
Give his history. Compare his character with that 
of Paul. 

(38) PAUL BEFORE AGRIPPA. 

1. Festus and Agrippa. Acts XXV. 13-21. 

2. Paul brought before Agrippa. 22-27. 

3. Paul's Defence before Agrippa. Acts XXVI. 
1-23. 

4. Paul and Agrippa. 24-32. 

Who was Agrippa? Give his history. 
Compare Agrippa with Felix. 
Memorize Acts XXVI. 24-29. 

(39) PAUL'S JOURNEY TO ROME. 

1. Paul's Prophecy of the Journey Disbelieved. 
Acts XXVII. 1-13. 

2. The shipwreck. 14-44. 

3. Paul at Melita. Aets XXVIII. 1-10. 

4. Arrival in Rome. 12-16. 

5. Paul in Rome. 17-31. 

Prepare from the Acts of the Apostles a list of 
the men and women whom Paul personally met and 
tell something of each. 

Place on the map the route of Paul frbm Jerusa- 
lem to Rome locating Sidon, the island of Crete, Fair 
Havens, Melita, Syracuse, Appii Forum, The Three 
Taverns, Rome. 

Luke's narrative ends with the account of Paul's 
first imprisonment in Rome. It covers a period of 
two years, during which he, though guarded by Ro- 
man soldiers, was treated by the authorities with 
great consideration and allowed to dwell "in his own 
hired house." According to well authenticated but 
uncanonical records, he was later set at liberty and 
preached the gospel for a brief period in Greece. 
Through the malice of of the Jews, he was again ar- 
rested and sent as a prisoner to Rome. He was 
condemned to death by Nero, and placed in the 

—58— 



Mammertine Prison in Rome to await his execu- 
tion. His prison was a loathsome, underground 
dungeon. It was there that he wrote his last epistle — 
his second letter to Timothy. The story of his exe- 
cution by the headsman's ax in the year 67 or 68, is 
told in the court records of ancient Rome. See II. 
Tim. IV. 6-8. 

STUDIES IN THE EPISTLES AND IN 
REVELATIONS. 

The Epistles are, in the main, formulations of 
Christian doctrine and precept, written by the eccle- 
siastical leaders who were the immediate followers of 
Christ. They are classified as (1) General; (2) Ad- 
dressed to particular Churches; (3) Addressed to 
Individuals. 

AUTHORS AND THEIR WRITINGS. 

1. Paul. Known before his conversion as "Saul 
of Tarsus"; after his conversion, as "The Apostle to 
the Gentiles", and "The Apostle of Faith." His most 
eloquent passages are his delineations of Love. The 
thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians is his master- 
piece, and as a prose-poem is unsurpassed in the lit- 
erature of the world. 

Romans. Central theme, Justification by Faith. 
I Corinthians, II Corinthians. Central theme, 

Christian Doctrine and Duty. 
Galatians. Central theme, Christian Liberty. 
Ephesians. Central theme, Christian Unity. 
Philippians. Central theme, Christian Living. 
Colossians. Central theme, Christ All and in 

All. 
I Thessalonians, II Thessalonians. Central 

theme, the Coming of Christ. 
I Timothy, II Timothy, Titus. These are 
called "The Pastoral Epistles." Their cen- 
tral theme is the duties of a bishop. The 
Second Epistle to Timothy is said to have 
been written in prison in Rome where Paul 
• was awaiting his -execution. They were prob- 

—59— 



ably the last words written by the great 
apostle. (See II Tim. IV, 6-8.) 
Philemon. This brief epistle was written in 
the behalf of a Christian convert who was a 
slave of Philemon. 

2. The book of Hebrews in the original manu- 
script is without designation of authorship; its auth- 
or is therefore a matter of conjecture, though tradi- 
tion ascribes it to the pen of Paul. Barnabas, Apol- 
los, and St. Luke have also been suggested as auth- 
ors. Its central theme is Judaism Fulfilled in Chris- 
tianity. 

The eleventh chapter of Hebrews should have 
special study. The Chapter has been appropriately 
called "The Jews Hall of Fame." It is a record of 
the triumphs of faith attained by the Jewish pa- 
triarchs and heroes. Its study will serve admirably 
as a review of the Old Testament. 

3. James. Called "The Apostle of Works." The 
writer was probably James, the son of Alpheus. 
named as one of Jesus' disciples in Matt. X. 3. 

4. Peter. The two epistles written by the 
Apostle Peter, I Peter and II Peter have for their cen- 
tral theme "Growth in Grace." See II Peter III, 18. 

5. John. Called the "Apostle of Love." His 
first epistle, I John is general. The remaining two, 
II John and III John, are personal. 

6. Jude. The author of the Epistle of Jude is 
supposed to be the same as Thaddeus named in Matt. 
X, 3. His brief epistle is a warning against apostacy. 

IV. THE REVELATION OF ST. JOHN. 

This is different in many respects from the pro- 
phetical books of the Old Testament. They were 
concerned chiefly with the problems of righteousness 
among men and the deliverance of the Hebrew peo- 
ple. Biblical students usually regard it as having been 
written about 95 A.D., considering it as a fitting com- 
pletion of the New Testament Canon. 

The Book of Revelation has to do with the status 
of "The Seven Churches which were in Asia" at the 
close of the First Century of the Christian Era, with 



the final triumph of Christianity over all its enemies, 
with the Resurrection and the final Judgment, and 
with the blest estate of the ransomed of mankind in 
the life to come. 

(40) ROME IN THE TIME OF PAUL. ROM. I. 

Note the order of the words "servant" and "apos- 
tle" in the opening verse. 

Who are the Greeks? The Barbarians? Ex- 
plain verse 14. 

What was the character of the Roman people in 
the time of Paul. 28-32. 

The emperor of Rome was Nero — the blackest 
name in human history. Tell something of his life 
and reign, of his cruel persecutions of the Chris- 
tians. 

The Rome of Paul's time is usually interpreted 
to be the "Babylon" of Rev. XVII. See Rev. XVII. 
9. Study Rev. XVII. in connection with Rom. I. 

Memorize Rom. I. 16. 

(41) THE LAW AND GRACE. ROM. VII., VIII. 

What is meant by "the Law?" by "Grace?" as 
found in these chapters? 

What is meant by the words "Spirit" and "Let- 
ter" in VII. 6. 

Is Paul's picture of his own spiritual struggles, 
true to human nature? (Verses VII. 15 to 24.) 

What is meant by the law being weak in Rom. 
VIII. 1? Can law enforce itself? 

Who are the "children of God." VIII. 16. 

Memorize VII. 22-25; VIII. 1; 16-18; 28; 38, 39. 

(42) THE HIGHER LIFE. ROM. XII., XIII. 

What is meant by "A living sacrifice?" 
What is meant by "Be not conformed to this 
world?" 

What is meant by "The renewing of your mind?" 
Prepare a written list of the practical duties en- 
joined upon Christians in Rom. XII? 

Does the average man or woman live the twelfth 

—61— 



chapter of Romans? Do you know any men or wo- 
men who do? 

In what sense are "the powers that be" ordained 
of God? 

Explain the last clause of verse 9. 

Memorize Rom. XII. 1, 2; 14-16; 20, 21; 



(43) THE MORE EXCELLENT WAY. I. COR. 

XII., XIII. 

Paul's first letter to the Corinthians was evi- 
dently written in reply to certain questions which the 
church of Corinth either individually or collectively 
had put to him because of disputes among the breth- 
ren. In preceding chapters he has discussed succes- 
sively Christian Unity, Stewardship, Litigation, Mar- 
riage, Eating Meat Offered Unto Idols, The Lord's 
Supper. Chapters XII. and XIII. show the pre-em- 
inence of Spiritual Gifts. 

Are peculiar gifts and callings bestowed on men 
to-day? To certain men and women or to all men 
and women? How may an individual know his own 
peculiar calling? Consider predilection as a proof 
of calling. 

What is The More Excellent Way? 

Compare XIII. 1-3, with XII. 29, 30. 

What is meant, in XII. 28, by Apostles? Proph- 
ets? Teachers? Miracles? Healing? Helps? Gov- 
ernments? Tongues? 

Illustrate in verse 28, prophecies that fail; 
tongues that cease; knowledge that vanishes away. 

Why is Charity (Love) greater than Faith and 
Hope? 

Memorize chapter XIII. 

(44) THE RESURRECTION. I. COR. XV. 

1. Paul's Appeal to Testimony. I-H. 

2. Paul's argument for the Resurrection. 20-34. 

3. The Manner of the Resurrection. 35-57. 

4. Exhortation to Steadfastness. 58. 
Memorize 42-44; 51-55; 58. 

—62— 



(45) SUFFERINGS AND VISION OF PAUL. 
II. COR. XL, XIL 1-9. 

Explain XL 24 by Deut. XXV. 2, 3. 
Explain verse 28. 
Paul's vision XIL 1-9. 
Explain verse 10. 
Memorize XIL 1-4; 7-9. 

(46) PAUL TO TIMOTHY. II. TIM. I-III; IV. 1-9. 

Who was Timothy? Was he a Jew? 

Why does Paul address him as his "dearly be- 
loved son?" 

Do you find in Second Timothy any expression 
of lamentation or regret on the part of Paul in the 
prospect of his approaching- execution? 

Memorize II. 19; III. 16, 17; IV. 6-8. 

(47) PAUL TO TITUS. 

Compare the style of Paul's personal letters with 
that of his general epistles. 

Prepare an outline of the duties enjoined by 
Paul upon Titus. 

Memorize II. 11-14. 

(48) THE JEWS' HALL OF FAME. HEB. XI. 1-32. 

Explain verse 1. 

Write from memory a list of the personages 
named, verses 4 to 31, and state in your own words 
what is said of each. 

Tell something" of each of the men named in 
verse 32. 

Memorize 1; 10; 24, 25. 

(49) INCITEMENTS TO RIGHTEOUSNESS AND 

FAITH. HEB. XI. 33-40; XII. 1. 

Give additional illustrations from the Old Testa- 
ment Scriptures of heroes who have wrought achieve- 
ments like those enumerated in verses 33 to 38. 

Give like illustrations from the New Testament. 

Give illustrations from the careers of men and 
women of recent times in the fields of philanthropy, 

— 63 — 



of reform, of statesmanship, of invention, &c. 

In XII. 1-3, the writer represents the Christian 
life under the figure of the Grecian races. In the 
light of this figure, what is meant by being" com- 
passed about with witnesses? By laying aside every 
weight? By "Looking Unto Jesus?" 

What is meant by "The sin that dot!h so easily 
beset us? 

Memorize XII. i, 2. 

(50) PRACTICAL CHRISTIANITY. JAMES L, II. 

1. Salutation, James I. 1. 

2. Christian duties, 

1. Patience. 2-4. 

2. Constancy. 5-8. 

3. Humility. 9-1 1. 

4. Endurance of Temptation. 12-15. 

5. The gifts of God and their use. 16-21. 

6. Doing the Word of God. 17-27. 

7i Regard for the poor. James II. 1-7. 

8. Keeping the law. 8-13. 

9. Good Works.. 14-26. 

Give illustrations from history, or from your own 
observation of the results of double-mindedness. 
Of single-mindedness. 

What is true religion? Are the spirit and prac- 
tice of helpfulness to fellowmen essential to genuine 
Christian living? 

Explain the phrase "Doers of the word. ' 

Define "liberty" as used in verse 25. 

Is the Christian world free today from the spirit 
condemned in II. 1-3. 

Is there any discrepancy between the teachings 
of Paul and of James with reference to faith and 
good works. Compare II. 14-26, with Gal. III. 11. See 
also Phil. II. 12, 13. See Antinomianism in Glossal 

Memorize I. 5, 6; 8; 17; 26, 27. 

(51) PRACTICAL CHRISTIANITY CONTINUED. 

JAMES III.1V. 

Let the student complete the outline of the Book 
of James as shown above in (50.) 

Memorize III. 5, 6; 17; V. 12; 19, 20. 

— 64 — 



(52) GROWTH IN GRACE. II. PETER I.-III. 

Explain I. 20. 

Memorize I. 5-8; III. 9; 18. 

(53) LOVE. I. JOHN I.-V. 

Review some leading events in the life of John the 
Evangelist showing his peculiar and near relation- 
ship to Jesus. 

Did he suffer martyrdom? 

Where is the Isle of Patmos? 

Explain the terms "Advocate" (II. 1) and Pro- 
pitiation." (II. 2). 

Explain the words "God is Light" (I. 5) and 
"God is Love" (IV. 8). 

In what sense is it true that "Whosoever hateth 
his brother is a murderer?" See Matt. V. 21, 22. 

What is meant by anti-Christ? Is it true today 
that "Even now are there many anti-Christs?" (II. 
18). 

Memorize I. 7; III. 1, 2; IV. 1; 18, 19. 

(54) THE MESSAGE OF THE SPIRIT TO THE 
CHURCHES IN ASIA. REV. 1-3. 

Locate on the map of the journeys of St. Paul the 
churches named in Rev. II. -III. 

Make an outline of what is approved and what 
is censured in each of the Churches. 

Explain the words "I am Alpha and Omega." 
I. 8. 

Explain I. 18. 

What was the doctrine of the Nicolaitans? 

Memorize I. 8; III. 5; 15-18; 20, 21. 

(55) THE NEW HEAVEN AND THE NEW EARTH. 
REV. XXL, XXII. 

What is meant by the New Heaven and the New 
Earth? By the words "There was no more sea." 

Explain XXI. 3; 13; 16. 

What is habit? Explain XXII, 11, as founded 
on the law of habit. 

—65— 



Explain the words "Without are dogs." XXII. 

15. 

Memorize XXI. 1; 4; 23-25; XXII. 1, 2; 11; 17, 
20, 21. 

(56) GENERAL REVIEW. 

1. Arrange the names of the "Twelve Disciples" 
of Jesus in the order of }^our estimate of their im- 
portance. 

2. Locate on the map of Palestine in the time 
of Christ — Bethsaida; Chorasin; Magdala; Cana; Naz- 
areth; Nain; Samaria; Jerusalem: Jericho; Bethle- 
hem: Bethany. 

3 Who was Simeon? Anna? Zebedee? Zac- 
cheus? Herodias? Nicodemus? Joseph of Arimathea? 
Annas? Caiphas? Matthias? Silas? Barnabas? Tim- 
othy? Felix? Agrippa? Aquilla? Priscilla? 

4. How would you estimate a man described as 
a Paul? An Apollos? A Herod? A Judas? A Nero? A 
Pontius Pilate? 

5. How would you estimate a woman described 
as an Anna? A Martha? A Dorcas? A Magdalene? 

6. Who were the Publicans? The Pharises? The 
Saducees? The Scribes? The Herodians? The Stoics? 
The Epicureans? The Apostles? The Evangelists? 

7. What was the Temple? The Veil of the Tem- 
ple? The Sanhedrin? Areopagus? Euroclydon? 

8. Explain, and give the Xew Testament set- 
tings of the proverbial expressions below: 

The Magi; 

The Candle Under a Bushel; 

Doubting Thomas; 

The Needle's Eye; 

The Jericho Road; 

Whited Sepulchres; 

The Second Mile; 

The Things That are Caesars; 

The Inside of the Cup; s 

Simony; 

Tinkling Cymbals; 

Lukewarm; 

Beginning at Jerusalem; 

The Unruly Member. 



GLOSSARY OF BIBLICAL AND RELATED 

TERMS 

Agnosticism. See Atheism. 

Altar. A structure, usually of earth, wood or 
stone, on which sacrifices were offered by the heathen 
to their gods and by the Jews to Jehovah. It was of 
convenient height for the purpose required, and was 
round, square or oblong in shape. In the Christian 
sense, the term is used to designate any place, visi- 
ble or invisible, set apart and consecrated as a place 
of divine worship. 

Angel. Literally a messenger or bringer of 
tidings. The term is generally used in Scripture to 
designate one of an order of celestial beings inter- 
mediate in power and glory between God and the re- 
deemed souls of men in the life to come. They are 
represented as the executors of God's will and the 
bearers of his messages to men. Patriarchs, priests 
and ministers of the Gospel are sometimes designated 
as angels, as in Rev. II. i, et.al. Evil angels or mes- 
sengers of Satan are sometimes spoken of in Scrip- 
ture, as in II. Cor. XII. 7. 

Antinomianism. A perversion of Paul's doctrine 
of justification by faith. Its advocates taught that 
the man who is justified is not amenable to the 
moral law and is under no necessity to do good 
works. James' treatment of faith and works was not 
written to antagonize Paul's teaching of Salvation 
through faith, but to condemn the antinomian mis- 
interpretations of Paul. 

Apocalypse. The Greek word for revelation. 
The term is not found in English translations of the 
Bible, but is often used to denote the Revelation of 
St. John. 

Apocrypha. Seven books accepted as canonic- 
al and inspired by the Roman Catholic Church and 
by some Protestant sects. Their titles are Tobias, 
Judith, The Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, 

— 67 — 



Baruch, I. Maccabees, II. Maccabees. By most Prot- 
estants, these books are regarded as having- historic- 
al and instructional value, though their canonicity 
is denied. With these and a few other minor* excep- 
tions, the Douay (Roman Catholic) Bible and the 
various Protstant versions are but different transla- 
tions of the same original text. 

Apostle. The name was originally given to the 
twelve disciples of Jesus. Matthias was appointed to 
the high office to succeed Judas Iscariot (Acts I. 23- 
26). Later Paul, Barnabas (Acts XIII. 2) and others 
were set apart to the apostleship. According to tra- 
dition all of the first twelve apostles, except John, 
suffered martyrdom. 

Areopagus. A hill in Athens, also known as 
Mars Hill. Upon this elevation was held a tribunal 
of justice which was known as the Areopagus. The 
place was also used as a public forum where the peo- 
ple might gather for the discussion of themes of 
popular interest. It was here that Paul delivered 
his Athenian discourse. See Acts XVII. 16-34. 

Aryan. See Semite. 

Atheism. Disbelief in the existence of God. 
The term is often confused with deism, agnosticism, 
infidelity, skepticism and the like. The atheist asserts 
"There is no God." The deist believes in God but 
denies his providential care and rejects the Bible as 
His Word. The Agnostic refuses to affirm or deny 
the existence of God. His attitude toward theology 
and religion is expressed in the words "I don't know." 
The infidel denies, the skeptic doubts, the divine rev- 
elation of the Scriptures. 

Barbarian. In the thought and speech of the 
people of ancient Greece, humanity was divided into 
two distinct classes — Greeks and Barbarians. To 
them the word Greek stood for all culture, all civil- 
ization, all that was worth while in human exist- 
ence. To be a barbarian was to be an object of con- 
tempt. In the First Century, Hellenized Rome had 
adopted the same terminology; and the distinction is 
repeatedly recognized by the Apostle Paul in his epis- 

—68— 



ties. See Rom. I. 14; Acts XXVIII; I. Cor. XIV. 11; 
Col. III. 11. 

Belial, Son of Belial. Belial is a Hebrew word 
signifying "unprofitable." A son of Belial was one 
who was utterly bad. 

Beth. The Hebrew word for house. It is found 
as a prefix and compounded with other words about 
fifty times in the Bible to denote names of places 
as, Bethel, the House of God; Bethseda, the House of 
Mercy; Bethlehem, the House of Bread; Bethshemish, 
The House of the Sun. 

Birthright. The sum of the distinctive privileges 
accorded by law or custom to an oldest son by 
virtue of his primogeniture. The "right of the first- 
born" is emphatically recognized in Scripture. (See 
Deut. XXI. 15-17.) After the establishment of the 
kingdom °f Judah, the firstborn son became the heir- 
apparent to the throne. (See II. Chron. XXI. 1-3). 
The rights of primogeniture were, however, often for- 
feited. How Esau lost his birthright and later his 
father Isaac's blessing is told in Gen. XXV. 29-34, and 
in Gen. XXVII. 18-40. Of the sons of Jacob, Reuben 
lost his primogenial rights through sin, and the di- 
vine blessing upon Abraham, Isaac and Israel de- 
scended to Jacob's fourth son Judah. (See Gen. 
XLIX. 10). The greatest of the twelve patriarchs 
was Joseph, and the greater blessing of Jacob on 
Joseph's sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, went to 
Ephraim the younger. 

Bishop. The exact significance of the term is in 
dispute. In the Christian communions of today, it 
denotes varying degrees of responsibility from that 
of pastor of a local congregation, to a delegated su- 
preme authority over a group of churches. The 
Roman Catholics regard the office most exalted, ap- 
plying the term to the bishops, the archbishops and 
the pope. 

Canon. The body of sacred books constituting 
the Holy Bible and accepted as authentic and in- 
spired by the Christian Church. According to the 
Protestant canon there are thirty n ; ne books in the 
Old Testament and twe- tv-s"vei in ^he N^w. Ft 

— 69 — 



the variations of the Roman Catholic from the Prot- 
estant canon, see Apocrypha. 

Canticles. Another title for The Song of Solo- 
mon. 

Cherub, plural Cherubim. The Cherubim be- 
longed to the order of angels. Whether they are real 
or symbolical beings is a much mooted question. 
They are represented as having four wings and four 
faces and with eyes looking to the four points of the 
compass, symbolizing the publication of the truth to 
every quarter of the globe. Placed upon the mercy 
seat were figures of cherubim (Ex. XXV. 17-20); and 
two colossal golden cherubim were placed in Solo- 
mon's Temple, their wings overshadowing the inner 
house. (I. Kings VI. 23-28. 

Council. A term generally applied to courts of 
lower jurisdiction among the Jews. They were held 
in all the Jewish towns and cities. For the great 
council of the Jews which sat at Jerusalem, see San- 
hedrin. 

Deacon. In the early Christian Church, an of- 
ficial charged with the duty of collecting and dis- 
pensing alms. In the Catholic Church and in some 
Protestant churches the office is one of ministerial 
rank and ordained for special services. In Protes- 
tant churches, the deacon if ordained is regarded of 
lower rank than the stated pastor. Deacons, un- 
ordained may serve as supervisors of the temporal af- 
fairs of the church and as pastor's assistant in the 
administration of the sacraments. 

Deism. See Atheism. 

Disciple. A disciple is literally a learner. The 
term may be properly applied to all true followers of 
Christ. The terms Apostle and Disciple though of- 
ten confused should be carefully discriminated. (See 
Apostle) . 

Eloi. The Greek form of Elohim. See Jah. 

Epicurean. Epicurus, the founder of the philos- 
ophy to which his name is given, flourished in 
Athens about three hundred years before Christ. His 
doctrine was diametrically opposed to the philosophy 
of the stoics, a school founded by Zeno in Greece 

— To — 



about three hundred twenty years before Christ. The 
motto of the Stoics was ''Virtue for virtue's sake." 
They summed up the cardinal virtues as wisdom, 
courage, self-restraint and justice. They looked with 
indifference upon physical pain and pleasure, com- 
posedly accepting or rejecting- either according as it 
helped or hindered in the attainment of the practical 
virtues. Neither pain nor pleasure, therefore, was to 
be sought for its own sake. Man exists for society; 
and to seek one's own selfish enjoyment is to sin 
against his highest nature. Epicurus, on the con- 
trary, taught tftiat pleasure is the greatest good, and 
that the pursuit of it is a noble virtue. By pleasurb, 
however, he did not chiefly mean the enjoyments of 
physical sense. 'He defined it by the word repose. 
Rest, leisure, freedom from c are and anxiety, are to be 
sought and enjoyed as the greatest happiness. Some of 
his followers later preached and practiced that sensu- 
al enjoyment is the greatest human good. They are 
not extinct at the present time. 

Fable. A fictitious story told to enforce a pre- 
cept. In fables, often beasts and even inanimate ob- 
jects are represented as performing the functions 
and using the speech of men. Fables are rare in 
Scripture but a fine illustration of one is found in 
Judges IX. 8-15. 

Fasts. Periods of abstinence from food as a pun- 
ishment for sin or as a means of spiritual discipline. 
Stated fasts were not required by Moses in the law 
though frequent fastings were imposed upon the 
people to punish their transgressions or to appease 
Jehovah's wrath. During the captivity, the Jews 
observed four annual fasts, in the fourth, fifth, sev- 
enth and tenth months respectively. See Zech. VIII. 
19. Throughout the history of the Christian era, 
fasts have been often observed by Christian nations, 
churches and individuals as tokens of humiliation 
and dependence upon God, or as an aid to spiritual 
meditation and growth. 

Feasts. The Jews observed many feasts. The 
first and greatest of these was the Feast of the Pass- 
over, called also "The Feast of Unleavened Bread." 



It was an eight-day observance of the anniversary 
of the escape of the Israelites from Egyptian bond- 
age. As a memorial of the haste of the flight only 
unleavened bread was used. It is called the "Pass- 
over" in commemoration of the event foretold in Ex. 
XII. 1-27. In its observance a lamb one year old, 
called the Paschal Lamb, was slain, and roasted 
whole. It was during the Great Feast that "The 
Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the 
world" was crucified. Easter is therefore, in an im- 
portant sense a continuation of the greatest of the 
Jewish festivals. 

Feast of Weeks, also called the Day of Pentecost, 
the Fea-st of the Harvest, and the Day of First 
Fruits. This Feast was regarded as the Second in 
importance of the Jewish festivals. It was the na- 
tion's great harvest-home feast. It came on the fif- 
tieth day — at the end of seven weeks — from the Pass- 
over. It was "When the day of Pentecost was fully 
come" that the wonderful event recorded in Acts II. 
1-4, occurred. 

Feast of Purim. This feast commemorated the 
salvation of the captive Jews in Persia from their 
threatened wholesale massacre at the instigation of 
the malicious Haman. See Esther III. 

Feast of Trumpets. See Num. XXIX. 1-6. 

Feast of Ingathering. See Ex. XXIII. 16. 

Feast of Dedication. See John X. 22. 

Fourth Gospel. See Synoptic Gospels. ' 

Gentile. See Jew. 

Hamite. See Semite. 

Heathen. To the Jews, the word heathen was 
synonymous with gentile. This fact should be kept 
in view throughout the Old Testament Scriptures. 
Christians apply the term to worshippers of idols. 

Herodian. The attitude, in the New Testament 
time, of all orthodox Jews was one of antagonism to 
the Roman government and resistance to its exac- 
tions. Herodian means literally a supporter of 
Herod. The Herodians were a sect of the Jews who 
for political and personal ends taught and practiced 
submission and loyalty to the Roman power. They 

■ — 72 — 



affirmatively answered their own question. "Is it 
lawful to pay tribute unto Caesar or no?" They 
were despised by the Pharisees as renegades, as Esaus 
who had sold their birthright, as traitors to the sacred 
cause of the persecuted people of Jehovah God. The 
fact that the Herodians, Saducees and Pharisees 
could unite in a common purpose to entangle Jesus 
in his words, indicates the straits to which the Jews 
were reduced to accomplish their purpose to destroy 
him. See Matt. XXII. 15-40. 

Hexateuch. See Pentateuch. 

Jah, Jehovah. The Jews had two conceptions of 
the Supreme Being analogous in some respects to 
what Christians express by the terms "The Father" 
and "The Holy Spirit." Their Eloi or Elohim signi- 
fied the Creator of all things, the Supreme Ruler of 
the Universe, whose throne was in the Heaven of 
Heavens, and in whose hands were the destinies of 
men and worlds. Jehovah or Jah was the special 
manifestation of God as the God of the Jews. In his 
eyes the Hebrew people, individually and collec- 
tively, from the least unto the greatest, were the 
subjects of his peculiar love and protection. He was 
infinitely gracious and merciful to those who loved 
and served hm, but terrible in his justice to those 
who hated him and disobeyed his commandments. 
His terrestial abiding place was in the Holy of Ho- 
lies, first in the Tabernacle in the wilderness, and 
later in the same sacred inclosure in the Temple in 
Jerusalem. It is an interesting fact in this connec- 
tion that the Hebrew people were much given to be- 
stowing the titles of their Deity in the naming of 
their children. The common prefix or suffix "el" de- 
notes Eloi; as El-eazer (Help of God), Dani-el (Gift 
of God.) Most Scripture proper names beginning 
with the letter J are derived from "Jah, ' as John, 
Jah-ohn (Jehovah's Gift.) The common suffix "Jah," 
as in Abijah, Adonijah, denotes a like derivation 
Elijah, Eli-Jah, means "My God is Jehovah." Joel, 
Jah-oel, and Eliel, El-i-el" have like signification. 

Jew. A descendent from Abraham through Isaac 
and Jacob. The children of Ishmael and of Esau 

—73— 



though descended respectively from Abraham and 
Isaac were in no sense members of the Hebrew com- 
monwealth. All descendents of Jacob were Jews; 
all other peoples were Gentiles. Between Jews 
and Gentiles, the line was sharply drawn. There 
were but two classes of people in the world — 
Jews and non-Jews. The former were a peculiar 
people, God's chosen People, "Heirs of the Promise." 
They disdained the remainder of inankind as the 
offscourings of the earth. To be a Jew was every- 
thing worthwhile; to be a Gentile was an unspeak- 
able misfortune. 

Judge. The theocracy established by Moses and 
continued by Joshua, was followed by the rule of the 
judges. These were rulers who won their office 
through some military exploit and redeemed the 
people from the harassment of their enemies. The 
rule of the judges was sometimes temporary, and often 
limited to a particular territory, some fractional part 
of the Holy Land. Two or more judges sometimes 
ruled simultaneously. Samuel was the last and great- 
est of the judges; and the story of his reign, and of 
the peaceful revolution which was brought about 
through his wisdom and humility, is beautifully told 
in the early chapters of the first book that bears his 
name. 

Kingdom of God, Kingdom of Heaven. These 
terms found so often and interchangeably in the ut- 
terances of Christ signify usually a terrestrial, not a 
celestial, experience. This fact is clearly stated in 
Luke XVII. 20, 21. See also Matt. III. 2; IV. 17; VI. 
10; et. al. 

Laver. A brazen vessel supplied with water at 
which the Jews washed at the time of the offering 
of sacrifices. In the tabernacle it was placed in 
the court between the door and the altar. Solomon's 
Temple was provided with ten lavers. 

Magi, Magians. The Wise Men who visited the 
infant Jesus. Matt. II. The tradition that limits 
the number of Magian visitors to three is without 
Scriptural foundation. 



Messiah. The promised Redeemer and 
Savior of the Hebrew nation whom the Jews believed 
should reign upon an everlasting throne in Jerusa- 
lem and make them exceedingly great among the 
Kingdoms of the world. He was "He that should 
come" spoken of by John the Baptist in his message 
to Christ, Matt. XI. 3. He is called "Shiloh by the 
patriarch Jacob in Gen. XLIX. .10. Many Jews still 
devoutly believe in the coming of this Prince and 
Restorer of Israel. Christian teachers interpret each 
and all of the many prophetic promises of the Mes- 
siah's coming as referring to Jesus, and his rule as the 
Prince of Peace in the terrestrial Kingdom of God. 

Monotheism. Belief in one only God. It was 
taught by Abraham, and became a distinctive doc- 
trine of the Jewish religion and is fundamental in 
the Christian faith. It utterly rejects on the one 
hand Atheism — belief in no God; and on the other 
Polytheism — belief in a plurality of gods. 

Nazarene. The Nazarene is one of the designa- 
tions of Christ from the fact that he spent his youth 
in the home of Joseph and Mary in the village of 
Nazareth in Galilee. It was a village of little or no 
repute. Its' low estate is indicated in Is. LIII. 2, and 
in John I. 46. The epithet Nazarene was applied 
by the Pharisees to Jesus as a term of obloquy. 

Nazarite. A person bound by vow for a period 
or for life to certain observances. He was required 
to abstain from wine and all intoxicants and was 
forbidden to cut his hair. He must not approach a dead 
body even that of a near relative, and must employ 
the utmost care to abstain from food that was not 
ceremonially clean. Three Nazarites for life ap- 
pear in the Scripture narrative — Samson, Samuel 
and John the Baptist. There have been Nazarites 
in all ages. The community known as "The House 
of David," in Benton Harbor, Michigan, is a present 
day illustration. 

Nicolaitans. The followers of Nicolas (See 
Acts VI. 5). His teachings are condemned in Rev. 
II. 6, 15. According to tradition his offences were 

1 ' '*/ y " ; 



the preaching - ofAntinomianism and the defence of 
social impurities in Christian practice. 

Parable. In the sense in which we speak of the 
parables of Christ, the term denotes a narrative 
or story told to explain or enforce some important 
lesson. Though parables are recorded in other parts 
of the Scriptures, the3 r were peculiarly Christ's chosen 
means of teaching the great lessons concerning 
the Kingdom of God that he came to earth to im- 
part. His life is itself a parable of perfect human 
living. His use of the story in teaching has pro- 
foundly influenced the pedagogy of the world 
throughout the Christian era. It is a curious fact 
that while in the synoptic gospels parables abound, 
none, in the sense defined above, are found in the 
Fourth Gospel. 

Passover. See Feast of the Passover. 

Patriarch. One who rules by paternal preroga- 
tive. The ancients usually accorded to the oldest 
man in their communit}^ the right to govern. It 
was the family idea of government applied to the 
group. The title is often specifically applied to 
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and his sons. 

Pentateuch. The first five books of the Bible 
considered as a whole. The book of Joshua is some- 
times added to the group and the title Hexateuch 
is given to the collection. 

Pharisee. One of a sect of the Jews which took 
its rise in the time of the Maccabees about 150 years 
before Christ. At the time when Jesus taught in 
Jerusalem, they were the leaders — or misleaders rath- 
er — of the people. Outwardly fastidious as to all 
religious observances, the3^ practiced ''Devotion's 
every grace except the heart." Exceedingly careful 
as to the letter of the law and the prophets, their spirit- 
ual meanings were ignored. They persistently mis- 
interpreted the Scripture by the grossest glosses of 
its text. They were fond of debating among them- 
selves such trivial questions as "What is the greatest 
commandment of the law?" "Which precepts of the 
law were 'light' and which are heavy?" "Are the 
negative precepts as binding as the positive?" They 

—76— 



paraded their piety in public places, sounding a 
trumpet before them that a crowd might gather to 
hear them pray. Their public prayers and the kind 
of petitions offered are finely illustrated in the 
parable of the Pharisee and the Publican. (Luke 
XVIII. 9'H)- In the parable of the Prodigal Son. 
the Pharisee is typified in the Elder Brother. Jesus 
had only sympathy, pity and pardon for the man or 
woman who had strayed from the path of probity, 
but he had only words of denunciation and doom 
for the "Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites," who 
would neither enter the kingdom of heaven nor 
suffer others to enter. The most terrible philippic 
in literature is the twenty-third chapter of Matthew 
which reaches its culmination in the words, "Ye 
serpents, ye generation of vipers, how shall ye escape 
the damnation of hell?" 

Phylactery. An amulet worn by Jews and sup- 
posed to possess supernatural power to ward off evil 
from the wearer. Two phylacteries were thus worn 
— one on the forehead, the other on the upper left arm. 
They were square cases of leather within which were 
enclosed a bit of parchment on which were written 
certain prescribed passages of Scripture. The ma- 
terial from which they were made must be from 
the skin of a ritually clean animal. The Pharisees 
ostentatiously wore phylacteries larger than were 
worn by other Jews. See Matt. XXIII. 5. 

Polytheism. Belief in a plurality of Gods. 
There is scarcely an object in nature so great nor 
so base that it has not been made the object of idol- 
atrous worship. There have always been sun wor- 
shippers, moon worshippers, fire worshippers, snake 
worshippers, worshippers of demons, &c. 

Priest. The priesthood was made an hereditary 
office by Moses at the institution of the Jewish sys- 
tem of sacrifice and worship. Only the descend- 
ents of Levi might exercise the priestly function. 
These functionaries were of three kinds — the High 
Priest, the Priest and the Levite. The office of the 
high priest was hereditary, the oldest succeeding his 
father when a vacancy occurred. His peculiar work 

—77— 



was to offer sacrifices and sin-offering's for the whole 
people. One sole prerogative was his: once a year, 
after the most thorough ceremonial purification, 
spotlessly garbed, he entered beyond the veil of the 
Temple into the Holy of Holies and sprinkled the 
mercy seat with sin-offerings first for himself and 
then for the people. These ceremonies are de- 
scribed in detail in Lev. XVI. The priests were the 
descendents of Aaron. Their chief function was to 
offer the various offering's and sacrifices prescribed 
by the law. The Levites were the descendents of 
Levi other than those noted above. Their duties 
were to assist the priests in the administration of 
their duties. 

Prophet. The popular conception of the word 
prophet is that of a foreteller of future events. The 
word and its derivative prophesying- are used, how- 
ever, both in the Old Testament and the New, in a 
much more comprehensive sense. To prophesy is to 
speak words supplied by the illumination and mo- 
tion of the Holy Spirit. The prophets are often in 
the Scriptures called seers — see'ers. (See I. Sam. IX. 
9; Is. XXX. 10; et. al.) All preaching - , teaching, 
warning - , foretelling - , are prophesying in the broader 
sense of the term. The common division of the pro- 
phetical writings into the "Greater" and "Lesser" 
prophets, placing Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and 
Daniel, in the former category, and the others in 
the second, seems to be mainly a matter of the 
printed space they occupy. There are passages in 
the writings of the so-called lesser prophets unsur- 
passed in the pages of the greater. 

Procurator. The governor of a Roman province. 
Pontius Pilate, Felix and Festus were successively 
procurators of the province of Judea. 

Proselyte. A non-Jew, who espoused the Jew- 
ish faith, submitted to its ceremonials, and with cer- 
tain important restrictions was admitted into its 
communion. 

Proverb. A wise saying that has become incor- 
porated in the common speech of the people. Some 
one has defined the term as "The thought of many in 

-78- 



the wit of one." Every language abounds in its prov- 
erbs and proverbial phrases, the "happy thoughts" 
of the wise of the successive generations. Prover- 
bial sentences, in addition to those found in the book 
of Proverbs abound throughout the Scriptures. 
The Scripture proverb is, perhaps invariably, a 
balanced sentence; that is, it is composed of two 
clauses, of approximately equal length placed 
one against the other; as, "A wise son mak- 
eth a glad father; but a foolish son is the heaviness 
of his mother;" "Blessed are the meek, for they shall 
inherit the earth." 

Publican. A collector of the public revenues. 
Rome imposed upon the Judean subjects taxes that 
were cruel and oppressive. Many publicans not con- 
tent with collecting the taxes imposed by the govern- 
ment resorted to various means to extort additional 
moneys from the taxed. The orthodox Jews refused 
to recognize the sovereignty of Rome, and hence re- 
garded her exactions as unjust, unlawful, and to be 
when possible evaded. The publicans were therefore 
— especially if they were of Jewish blood — utterly 
despised. The ostracism that society has always 
visited upon the fallen woman fell with equal 
force upon the Israelitish publican. When the 
Pharisees condemned Christ for company- 
ing with publicans and sinners they doubtless had 
in mind Matthew and Mary Magdalene — Matthew 
called from the receipt of custom to become a dis- 
ciple and apostle of Christ and the author of the 
first gospel, and Mary the saved harlot of Magdala. 

Quaternion. A Roman guard consisting of four 
soldiers. (See Acts XII. 4). 

Saducee. The Saducees were an important re- 
ligious sect of the Jews that flourished at the time 
of Christ. As a class they were aristocratic, preju- 
diced and clannish. Many of them belonged to the 
priestly class and were therefore descended from 
Levi. In their religious views and teachings they 
antagonized the Pharisees at almost every point. 
The distinguishing doctrine of the Pharisees was the 
resurrection of the body. They likewise believed in 

—79— 



foreordination, in the terrestrial presence of minis- 
tering- angels and of evil spirits, in future rewards 
and punishments, and with a zeal amounting- to su- 
perstition in the outward observance of all the rites 
and ceremonies of the Mosaic law. The Saducees 
(See Matt. XXII. 23) denied the bodily resurrection, 
disbelieved in future rewards and retributions, dis- 
allowed the presence of good or evil angels and 
sneered at the punctilio of the Pharisees in their 
regard for the letter of the law. About the only 
thing they held in common with the Pharisees was 
hatred and contempt for the Nazarene and his 
teachings. Their spirit is shown in the question they 
put to Jesus in Matt. XXII.23-32. 

Samaritan. Palestine in the time of Christ was 
composed of three divisions based on the character of 
the inhabitants — Galilee, Samaria and Judea. The 
people of Galilee and Judea were Jews. On the 
contrary, the inhabitants of Samaria, the central prov- 
ince, were a mixed people, idolatrous in their wor- 
ship and gross in their living. Though many of the 
people were of Israelitish descent, few even of these 
were of unmixed Jewish blood. These Hebraic Samar- 
itans cared little for their descent from Abraham. 
Mutual aversion marked their relations with their 
neighbors on the North and on the South. The 
Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans, nor the 
Samaritans with the Jews. Something of the be- 
lief of the people of the central province is shown 
in the New Testament narrative of Jesus and the 
Woman of Samaria. (John IV. 4-42). 

Sanhedrin. The supreme council of the Jews. 
It was composed of seventy-one members. Its pre- 
siding officer was the high priest. One of its special 
prerogatives was to try men accused of error in their 
beliefs and teachings. They had power to condemn 
but under the Roman rule could not execute their 
decrees affecting the life or property of a citizen. 
Hence the six trials of Jesus — three ecclesiastical, 
and three civil. 

Scribe. The order of Scribes was instituted prob- 
abli r by Ezra about 500 years before Christ. In 
New Testament times it had become their province 

—80— 



not only to transcribe the Scriptures but to read and 
interpret them to the people. In copying the Scrip- 
tures they invariably washed their pen before writ- 
ing" the name Jehovah by any title. In expounding 
the Word, they, had no ' 'authority" — they could not 
go beyond the letter of the text. (See Matt. VII. 29) . 
Their teaching was therefore narrow, circumscribed, 
secondhand, often frivolous, servile to authority. 
This servility, this emptiness of formative teaching, 
this insistence upon the letter of the law to the ig- 
noring of its spirit, placed them in the same category 
and brought upon them the same condemnation, as 
the Pharisees, found in "The Great Condemnation." 
See Matt. XXIII. 

Seer. See Prophet. 

Semite. A descendent of Shem. "The history of 
the civilized world is the history of the Aryan, Semit- 
ic, and Hamitic races. It is of interest to know that 
the race to which we belong, the Aryan, has al- 
ways played the leading part in the great drama of 
the world's progress. The Hamitic nations, the 
Egyptians and Chaldaeans, though they developed 
a peculiar type of civilization, yet grew up and re- 
mained in a great degree apajt from the rest of the 
world, having no considerable influence on the main 
current of history. As to the Semites, there is one 
respect in which they have the greatest place in the 
history of mankind, namely, in religious development; 
for the three religions that have taught men that 
there is but one God — namely, the Jewish, the Chris- 
tian, and the Mahometan — have all come from 
among them. But, aside from this,, the Semites do 
not make nearly so important or so conspicuous a 
figure in history as do the Aryans, or Indo-Euro- 
peans. They have never been greatly progressive. 
They have generally shown a conservative 
disposition that has, in the main, kept them fixed to 
their native seat, in the small tract of country be- 
tween the Tigris, the Mediterranean, and the Red 
Sea. Thus they have not, like the Aryans, been the 
planters of new nations; and they have never at- 
tained a high intellectual development, or that pro- 



gress in political freedom, in science, aft and liter- 
ature, which is the glory of the Aryan nations." — 
Swinton. 

Seraph, plural Seraphim. One of an order of 
angelic beings described in Is. VI. 2, 6. 

Shekinah. The presence of Jehovah which 
rested between the Cherubim on the Mercy Seat, or 
in the Holy of Holies. 

Stoic. See Epicurean. 

Synoptic Gospels. A title specifically given to 
the first three Gospels. They are so-called because 
they set forth in order the biography of dhrist. The 
''Fourth Gospel" is supposed to have been written in 
John's extreme old age, at a time when the other 
Gospels were in general circulation. Its purpose was 
to supplement rather than to repeat what the other 
Evangelists had written, hence the absence of para- 
bles and of many events recorded by the Synop- 
tics. It is profoundly philosophical and is chiefly 
concerned with the teachings of Jesus to his disci- 
ples. About one-third of the book is occupied with 
the events of Passion Week, and the utterances of 
Christ within the space of that period. 




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